Trịnh lords
Noble feudal Vietnamese clan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Trịnh lords (Vietnamese: Chúa Trịnh; Chữ Hán: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as “King” of Trịnh (Vietnamese: Trịnh vương ; chữ Hán: 鄭王) from 1599, also known as the House of Trịnh or the Trịnh clan (Trịnh thị; 鄭氏), were a feudal nobility clan that ruled Northern Vietnam (then called Kingdom of Tonkin by Europeans) and then called Kingdom of Annam (Vietnamese: An Nam Quốc; chữ Hán: 安南國) in bilateral diplomacy with Imperial China, during the Later Lê dynasty. Trịnh clans were de jure subordinates and fief of the Lê dynasty however they were de facto ruler of the dynasty.
Trịnh lords Chúa Trịnh 主鄭 | |||||||||||
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1545–1787 | |||||||||||
The seal "Tĩnh Đô vương tỷ" (靖都王璽) of lord Trịnh Sâm.
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Map of Vietnam circa 1650 . | |||||||||||
Status | Lordship and de jure fief within Lê dynasty of Đại Việt | ||||||||||
Capital | Đông Kinh | ||||||||||
Common languages | Vietnamese | ||||||||||
Religion | Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Vietnamese folk religion | ||||||||||
Government | Feudal dynastic hereditary military dictatorship | ||||||||||
Lords | |||||||||||
• 1545–1570 | Trịnh Kiểm (first) | ||||||||||
• 1786–1787 | Trịnh Bồng (last) | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1545 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1787 | ||||||||||
Currency | Copper-alloy and zinc cash coins | ||||||||||
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The Trịnh clan and their rivals, the Nguyễn clan, were referred to by their subjects as title "Chúa" (Lord) (chữ Hán: 主) and controlled northern and Southern Đại Việt respectively, leaving Later Lê emperors only titular authority.[1] The title of “Chúa” (chữ Hán: 主) in this context is comparable to the office of Shogun in Japan. Trịnh clan produced 12 lords who dominated the royal court of the Later Lê dynasty and ruled northern Vietnam for more than two centuries.
Both founder of the clan Nguyễn Kim and Trịnh Kiểm joined together in supporting Lê dynasty to reclaim authority of Đại Việt's crown in Lê–Mạc civil war in 16th century and become in-law family when Trịnh Kiểm married Nguyễn Kim's daughter "Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bảo", led to political alliances in war against Mạc dynasty in the north. However in early 17th century, the relationships of both clans started becoming deteriorated and Trịnh clan on behalf of Lê dynasty as legitimate authority of Đại Việt state, led a brutal civil war against their in law family in the south from 1627 to 1777 when lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên refused to pay tax and tribute to imperial court in the North. The conflicts was ended until both clan were destroyed by Tây Sơn rebellion in late 18th century.