Torwali language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Torwali (توروالی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Torwali people, and concentrated in the Bahrain and Chail areas of the Swat District in Pakistan.[2][3][4][5] The Torwali language is said to have originated from the pre-Muslim communities of Swat.[6] It is the closest modern Indo-Aryan language still spoken today to Niya, a dialect of Gāndhārī, a Middle Indo-Aryan language spoken in the ancient region of Gandhara.[7][8]
Torwali | |
---|---|
توروالی | |
Region | Swat District |
Ethnicity | Torwali people |
Native speakers | 130,000 (2020)[1] |
Arabic script (primarily Nastaliq) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | trw |
Glottolog | torw1241 |
ELP | Torwali |
Torwali is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken by Torwali nation of Central Swat District, it is given a space in this map. |
Torwali is an endangered language: it is characterised as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of Endangered Languages,[9] and as "vulnerable" by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages.[10] There have been efforts to revitalize the language since 2004, and mother tongue community schools have been established by Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi (IBT).[11]