Toltrazuril

Toltrazuril is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat coccidiosis in animals. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidia, which are microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida.^[1][2][3]

Toltrazuril

Clinical data
Trade names	Baycox, Tolcox
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATCvet code	QP51BC01 (WHO) QP51BC51 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	CA: ℞-only
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-methyl-3-[3-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethylthio)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione
CAS Number	69004-03-1 Y
PubChem CID	68591
ChemSpider	61859 N
UNII	QVZ3IAR3JS
KEGG	D06187 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2104931 N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90219063
ECHA InfoCard	100.132.547
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H14F3N3O4S
Molar mass	425.38 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)N2C(=O)NC(=O)N(C2=O)C)OC3=CC=C(C=C3)SC(F)(F)F
InChI InChI=1S/C18H14F3N3O4S/c1-10-9-11(24-16(26)22-15(25)23(2)17(24)27)3-8-14(10)28-12-4-6-13(7-5-12)29-18(19,20)21/h3-9H,1-2H3,(H,22,25,26) N Key:OCINXEZVIIVXFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Mechanism of action

Toltrazuril works by interfering with the protozoa's ability to reproduce. It disrupts the division of the protozoal nucleus and damages the cell membrane of the parasites. This action results in the destruction of the coccidia at all stages of their life cycle.^[4]

Use in veterinary medicine

Toltrazuril is widely used in veterinary medicine to treat coccidiosis in various animals, including poultry, pigs, cattle, sheep, and companion animals like dogs and cats. It is often administered as a single dose or in a series of doses depending on the severity of the infection and the species being treated.^[5][6]

References

1. Diaferia M, Veronesi F, Morganti G, Nisoli L, Fioretti DP (August 2013). "Efficacy of toltrazuril 5 % suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the control of Eimeria spp. in lambs". Parasitology Research. 112 (Suppl 1): 163–168. doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3440-1. PMID 23756962.
2. "Toltrazuril - referral". European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
3. Hawkins MG (January 2014). "Advances in exotic mammal clinical therapeutics". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 23 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.006. Toltrazuril, a broad-spectrum anticoccidial drug, is effective against both schizont and gamont stages of Eimeria spp.
4. Gjerde B, Helle O (1986). "Efficacy of toltrazuril in the prevention of coccidiosis in naturally infected lambs on pasture". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 27 (1): 124–137. doi:10.1186/BF03548565. PMC 8189374. PMID 3751809.
5. Ocal N, Yagci BB, Duru SY, Kul OG (January 2007). "Toltrazuril treatment for acute clinical coccidiosis in hair goat kids: clinical pathological, haematologic and biochemical findings". Medycyna Weterynaryjna. 63 (7): 805. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
6. Mathis GF, Froyman R, Irion T, Kennedy T (2003). "Coccidiosis control with toltrazuril in conjunction with anticoccidial medicated or nonmedicated feed". Avian Diseases. 47 (2): 463–9. doi:10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0463:CCWTIC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 12887207.