The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Berlin, Germany.
- 1163 – Berlin founded by Albert the Bear (approximate date).
- 1183 – Oak beam, discovered in 2008 by archaeologists, dated to 1183.
- 1200 – Saint Peter's Church built in Cölln (approximate date).
- 1220 – Population: 2,400.
- 1230
- 1237 – 28 October: First documentation of Cölln.
- 1240 – Marienfelde church built (approximate date).
- 1244 – 29 April: First documentation of Berlin.
- 1250
- 1253 – Oldest known town seal of Berlin.
- 1272 – Bakers' guild established.[3]
- 1278 – Georgenhospital established.
- 1282 – First documentation of official papers of the Margrave of Brandenburg.
- 1292 – 3 January: St. Mary's Church in existence.
- 1300 – Heinersdorf church construction begins.
- 1307
- 20 March: Legal union of Berlin and Cölln.
- Population: 4,000–7,000.
- 1360 – Berlin-Cölln joins the Hanseatic League.
- 1380 – Fire.
- 1400
- Population: 7,000–8,500.
- 1,100 buildings.
- 1432 – Merger of Berlin and Cölln.
- 1433 – Schützengilde Berlin Korp. von 1433 [de] (militia) formed.
- 1442 – Berlin leaves the Hanseatic League.
- 1443 – Stadtschloss (palace) construction begins.
- 1446 – 7 December: Pogrom against Jews.
- 1448 – 14 October: Unsuccessful protest against the construction of the Stadtschloss. Town privileges curtailed.
- 1450 – Population: 7,000–8,000.
- 1451 – Stadtschloss built.
- 1454 – St. Erasmus Chapel consecrated.
- 1468 – First documentation of Kammergericht.
- 1484 – 18 October: Jerusalem Church in existence.
- 1486 – 11 March: Berlin Stadtschloss becomes permanent seat of Brandenburg Electors.
- 1510 – 100 Jews accused of desecrating hosts. 38 burned, the rest banished and stripped of their possessions.
- 1530 – Tiergarten hunting park built.
- 1539 – 1 November: Protestant Reformation.
- 1540
- 1542 – Kurfürstendamm avenue built.
- 1543 – Jagdschloss Grunewald hunting lodge built.
- 1558 – Köpenick Palace built.
- 1576
- Population: 11,000–12,000.
- Bubonic plague kills 6,000 people.
- 1594 – Spandau Citadel built.
- 1700
- 1701 – 18 January: Berlin becomes capital of the Kingdom of Prussia.[citation needed]
- 1702 – Friedrichs-Waisenhaus Rummelsburg orphanage and infirmary established.
- 1703
- 1704 – Vossische Zeitung founded.
- 1705
- 1706 – Zeughaus built.
- 1708
- 1709
- 1710 – Charité hospital established.
- 1712 – Population: 61,000.
- 1713
- 1715 – City hosts Treaty of Berlin (1715).
- 1716 – 12 July: Luisenkirche inaugurated.
- 1717 – Compulsory schooling established.
- 1720 – Späth nursery founded.
- 1721 – Population: 65,300.
- 1722 – Garrison Church built.
- 1726 – Population: 72,000.
- 1730 – Population: 72,387.
- 1732
- 1733
- 1734
- 1735 – Population: 86,000.
- 1737
- 1738 – Ordenspalais built.
- 1739
- 1740 – Population: 90,000.
- 1742
- 1743 – Opernplatz (square) laid out.
- 1746 – Population: 97,000.
- 1747 – Population: 107,224.
- 1748
- 1749 – Population: 110,933.
- 1750 – Population: 113,289.
- 1751
- 22 September: Ackerstraße building begins.
- Population: 116,483.
- 1752 – Population: 119,224.
- 1753
- 1754 – Population: 125,385.
- 1755 – Population: 126,661.
- 1756 – Population: 99,224.
- 1757
- 1758 – Population: 92,356.
- 1759 – Population: 94,433.
- 1760
- 9–12 October: Raid on Berlin. City taken by Russian and Austrian forces.[9]
- Population: 95,245.
- 1761 – Population: 98,238.
- 1762 – Population: 98,090.
- 1763
- 1764
- Döbbelinsches Theater opened, the first permanent German-language theater in Berlin.
- Population: 122,667.
- 1765
- Bank established.
- Population: 125,139.
- 1766
- 1767 – Population: 127,140.
- 1768 – Population: 130,359.
- 1769
- Brick Friedrichs Bridge built.
- Population: 132,365.
- 1770
- Bergakademie Berlin established.
- Population: 133,520.
- 1771 – Population: 133,639.
- 1772 – Population: 131,126.
- 1773
- 1774
- 1775 – Population: 136,137.
- 1776 – Population: 137,468.
- 1777 – Population: 140,719.
- 1778 – Population: 124,963.
- 1779 – Population: 138,225.
- 1780
- Alte Bibliothek (Berlin) [de] (library) built.
- Population: 140,625.
- 1781 – Population: 142,375.
- 1782 – Population: 143,098.
- 1783
- 1784 – Population: 145,021.
- 1785 – Population: 146,647.
- 1786
- 1787 – Population: 146,167.
- 1788 – Population: 149,274.
- 1789 – Population: 149,875.
- 1790 – Population: 150,803.
- 1791
- 1792 – Population: 157,534.
- 1793 – Population: 157,121.
- 1794 – Population: 157,603.
- 1795
- First steam engine in Berlin, used to power spinning machines.
- Population: 156,218.
- 1796
- 1797
- 1798 – Population: 169,019.
- 1799
1800s–1860s
- 1800 – Population: 172,132.
- 1801 – Population: 176,709.
- 1802 – Population: 177,029.
- 1803 – Population: 178,309.
- 1804
- Royal Prussian Iron Foundry established.
- Population: 182,157.
- 1805
- 1806
- 24 October: Berlin occupied by the French army.
- 21 November: Napoleon issues Berlin Decree while passing through city.
- Population: 155,000.
- 1807 – Population: 150,489.
- 1808
- December: French occupation ends.
- Population: 145,941.
- 1809
- 1810
- 1811 – Population: 169,763.
- 1812
- Café Josty in business (approximate date).
- Population: 171,000.
- 1813 – Population: 178,641.
- 1814 – Population: 185,659.
- 1815
- 1816
- First continental European locomotive built at the Royal Prussian Iron Foundry.
- Population: 197,817.
- 1817 – Population: 195,689.
- 1818
- 18 September: Neue Wache inaugurated.
- Population: 198,125.
- 1819 – Population: 209,138.
- 1820 – Population: 201,900.
- 1821
- 1822 – Population: 209,146.
- 1824
- 1825
- 1826
- 1827 – 29 April: Premiere of Mendelssohn's opera Hochzeit des Camacho.[13]
- 1828
- 1830
- 1831
- 1834
- 1835 – 24 April: Berlin Observatory opened.
- 1837
- 1838
- 1839 – 13 June: Berlin Rathaus Steglitz station opened.
- 1840
- 1841
- 1 July:
- Verein Berliner Künstler [de] (artists association) founded.
- 1842
- 1843
- 3 December: Population: 353,149.
- Royal Opera House rebuilt.
- 1844
- 1845
- 1846
- 1847
- 1848
- 1849
- 1850
- 1851
- 1852
- 1853
- 1855
- 1856 – J. F. Schwarzlose Söhne perfume maker founded.
- 1857 – Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift scientific journal founded.
- 1858 – Population: 458,637.[20]
- 1859
- 1860 – Customs Wall removed.
- 1861
- 1862 – Berthold Kempinski wine shop in business.[3]
- 1863
- Photographers Association founded.[24]
- Exchange built.
- Ed. Westermayer piano manufacturer founded.
- Grieben-Verlag [sv] (publisher) in business.
- 1864
- Wallner Theater built.
- 3 December: Population: 632,749.
- 1865 – 22 June: First horse-drawn tram line set up.
- 1866
- 1867
- 1868
- 1869
1870s–1890s
- 1870 – 10 March: Deutsche Bank established.
- 1871
- 1872
- 1873
- 1874
- 1875
- 1876
- 1877
- 1878
- 1879
- 1880
- 1881
- 1882
- 1883
- 1884
- 1885
- 1886 – Ethnological museum established.
- 1887
- German Colonial Society headquartered in Berlin.
- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Brücke (Berlin) [de] (bridge) and Heiligekreuzkirche (church) built.
- Society for Friends of Photography founded.[24]
- 1888
- 1889
- 1890
- 1891
- 1892
- 1893
- 1894
- 1895
- 1896
- 1897
- 1898
- 1899
1900s–1945
- 1900
- 1901
- 1902
- 1903
- 1904
- 1905
- 1906
- 1907
- 1908
- 1909
- 1910
- 1911
- 1912
- 1913 [33]
- 1914
- 1915 – 31 December: Population: 1,835,094.
- 1916
- 1917
- 1918
- 1919
- 1920
- 1921
- 1922
- 1923
- 30 January:
- 8 March:
- 25 August: Last horsebus run in Berlin.
- 8 October: Tempelhof Airport established.
- 31 December: Population: 3,918,985.
- 1924
- 1925
- 1926
- 1927
- 1928
- 1929
- 1930
- 1931
- 1932
- 1933
- 1934
- 1935
- 1936
- 1937
- 5 January: Julius Lippert becomes mayor.
- 30 January: Albert Speer becomes Generalbauinspektor [de] for the Reich capital.
- 28 May: Volkswagen auto company founded.
- 31 December: Population: 4,314,432.
- 700th anniversary of the city celebrated.
- Messe Berlin built.
- 1938
- 1939
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943
- 1944
- 31 March: RAF bombing campaign ends.
- 21 July: Execution of 20 July plot conspirators.[45]
- 23 October: Führerbunker completed.
- 31 December: Population: 4,361,398.
- 1945
1946–1989
- 1946
- 1947
- 1948
- 1949
- 1950
- 1951
- 1952
- 1953
- June: Uprising in East Berlin.[48]
- 31 December: Population: 3,367,406.
- 1954
- 1955
- 1956
- 1957
- 1958
- 1959
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- 1963
- 1964
- 1965
- 2 April: Europa-Center inaugurated.
- 31 December: Population: 3,274,500.
- 1966
- 1967
- 1968
- 1969
- 1970
- 1971
- 29 January:
- 4 December: Georg von Rauch shot and killed during arrest by West Berlin police.
- 31 December: Population: 3,172,902.
- 2 June Movement anarchist group active in West Berlin.
- 1972
- 1973
- 1974
- 30 September:
- 13 October: Berlin Marathon begins in West Berlin.
- 31 December: Population: 3,118,134.
- 1975
- 1976
- 1977
- 5 October:
- 31 December: Population: 3,044,968.
- 1978
- 1979
- 1980
- 1981
- 20 November: Western entrance to Teltow Canal reopened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,050,974.
- AG Märkische Kleinbahn established.
- 1982
- 1983
- 1984
- 1985
- 1986
- 1987
- 1988
- 1989
1990s
- 1990
- 1991
- 1992
- 1993
- 1994
- 1995
- 1996
- 1997
- 1998
- 1999
- 2000
- 2001
- 2002
- 2003
- 2 December: AquaDom opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,330,242.
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010 – 31 December: Population: 3,387,562.
- 2011
- 2012
- March: Zoofenster high-rise completed.
- 27 September: Rathaus Bridge inaugurated after rebuilding.
- 31 December: Population: 3,469,621.
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015
- 7 February: Victoria released.
- 31 December: Population: 3,610,156.
- 2016
- 2017
- 2018 – 31 December: Population: 3,748,148.
- 2022 - 8 June - 2022 Berlin car attack.
Mary H. Munroe (2004). "Springer Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20 – via Northern Illinois University.
Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
United States Bureau of Education (1896), "Higher Education of Women", Report of the Commissioner of Education, vol. 1894–95, v.1, Washington DC: Government Printing Office, p. 921 – via HathiTrust, Educational Status of Women in Different Countries: Germany
Charles Emerson, 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares Berlin to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 59-77.
"Berlin", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 125, OL 5812502M
"Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Published in 17th-19th centuries
- "Berlin". Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae. Topographia Germaniae. 1652. 1652/1680
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Berlin", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
- "Berlin". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Berlin", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
- John Russell (1828), "Berlin", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Berlin". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Berlin", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
- Mariana Starke (1839), "Berlin", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Berlin". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064786.
- Berlin and its Treasures. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1867.
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Berlin", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Berlin, Prussia", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949, OCLC 2613202
- "Berlin", Northern Germany (5th ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1873, OCLC 5947482; famous guidebook
- "Berlin". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
- Henry Vizetelly (1879), Berlin under the New Empire, London: Tinsley Bros., OCLC 1819784, OL 23280773M + v.2
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Berlin", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433066588363
- James Pollard (1894), A study in municipal government: the corporation of Berlin, Edinburgh: Blackwood, OL 7191669M
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Berlin", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- "Berlin", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1898
Published in 20th century
- in English
- Robert C. Brooks (1901), "Berlin", Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions, Municipal Affairs, vol. 5 (2nd ed.), New York: Reform Club, OCLC 1855351
- "Berlin". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Berlin and its Environs (3rd ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1908, OCLC 00575650
- Phillips, Walter Alison (1910). "Berlin" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 785–791.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Berlin", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Berlin", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- David C. Preyer (1912), The Berlin Galleries, Boston: St. Botolph Society, OCLC 3077308, OL 25070700M
- Joseph Lins (1913). "Berlin". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Berlin", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 203, OL 6112221M
- J.L. Simpson (1957). "Berlin: Allied Rights and Responsibilities in the Divided City". International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 6 (1): 83–102. doi:10.1093/iclqaj/6.1.83. JSTOR 755897.
- Wolfgang Hofmann (1969). "West Berlin – The Isolated City in the Twentieth Century". Journal of Contemporary History. 4 (3): 77–93. doi:10.1177/002200946900400305. JSTOR 259732. S2CID 154750065.
- Berlin, Great Cities, Time-Life Books, 1977, OL 3850712M
- T.H. Elkins; B. Hofmeister (1988), Berlin: the spatial structure of a divided city, London: Methuen, ISBN 0416922201
- David Stanley (1992), "Berlin", Eastern Europe (2nd ed.), Lonely Planet, p. 86+
- John Czaplicka (1995). "History, Aesthetics, and Contemporary Commemorative Practice in Berlin". New German Critique (65): 155–187. doi:10.2307/488540. JSTOR 488540.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Berlin". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- Ronald Taylor (1997), Berlin and its culture, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, ISBN 0300072007
- Wolfgang Schivelbusch (1998), In a cold crater: cultural and intellectual life in Berlin, 1945–1948, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0520203666
- Evanovich, Janet (1999). "Berlin". Germany. Let's Go. St Martins Press. ISBN 9780312194833. OL 24980049M.
- in German
Published in 21st century
- Jack Holland (2001), Rough Guide to Berlin, Rough Guides, London, OL 24743282M
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Matt Erlin (2003), Berlin's Forgotten Future: City, History, and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Germany, University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 9780807881279
- Florian Urban (2003). "Picture Postcards of Urbanity: Reflections on Berlin's Inner City and the 1999 Master Plan". Journal of Architectural Education. 57 (1): 68–73. doi:10.1162/104648803322336601. JSTOR 1425741. S2CID 109813934.
- Hartmut Haussermann (2004). "Berlin: from divided into fragmented city". Greek Review of Social Research.
- Gösta Arvastson; Tim Butler, eds. (2006). "Shopping Malls and Shishas ... Berlin and Moscow". Multicultures and Cities. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 978-87-635-0372-3.
- Christian Hartel (2006). Berlin: a Short History.
- Daum, Andreas W. (2008). Kennedy in Berlin. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85824-3.
- Davis, Belinda (2008). "City as theater of protest: West Berlin and West Germany, 1962-83". In Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse (ed.). Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0.
- Joachim Schlör (2010). "Berlin 1900". In Christian Hermansen Cordua (ed.). Manifestoes and Transformations in the Early Modernist City. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-7948-6.
- Agata Anna Lisiak (2010). Urban Cultures in (Post)colonial Central Europe. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-573-3. (about Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw)
- Daniel A. Bell; Avner de-Shalit (2011), "Berlin", Spirit of Cities: Why the Identity of a City Matters in a Global Age, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691151441
- Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Berlin". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 48+. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.
- Stephen Evans (7 January 2014). "Berlin 1914: A city of ambition and self-doubt". BBC News.
- Quinn Slobodian; Michelle Sterling (2014), "Sacking Berlin", The Baffler, no. 23, USA
- "36 Hours in Berlin", New York Times, 12 August 2015