Terminalia (plant)

Terminalia
	Terminalia catappa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Combretaceae
Genus:	Terminalia; L. (1767)
Synonyms
	List Adamaram Adans. (1763) ; Anogeissus (DC.) Guill. (1832) ; Badamia Gaertn. (1791) ; Buceras P.Browne (1756) ; Buchenavia Eichler (1866) ; Bucida L. (1759) ; Catappa Gaertn. (1791) ; Chicharronia A.Rich. (1845) ; Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss. (1789) ; Fatrea Juss. (1811) ; Finetia Gagnep. (1916) ; Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav. (1794) ; Hudsonia A.Rob. ex Lunan (1814), nom. illeg. ; Kniphofia Scop. (1777), nom. rej. ; Myrobalanifera Houtt. (1774) ; Myrobalanus Gaertn. (1790) ; Pamea Aubl. (1775) ; Panel Adans. (1763) ; Pentaptera Roxb. (1828) ; Pteleopsis Engl. (1894) ; Ramatuela Kunth (1825) ; Ramatuella Kunth (1826), orth. var. ; Resinaria Comm. ex Lam. (1785), not validly publ. ; Tanibouca Aubl. (1775) ; Terminaliopsis Danguy (1923) ; Vicentia Allemão (1844);

Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.^[2] The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.^[3]

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Axlewood (T. latifolia) is used for its wood and tannins and as a fodder.^[4] African birch (T. leiocarpa) is used for its wood and to make yellow dye and medicinal compounds.^[5] A yellow dyestuff produced from the leaves of T. leiocarpa has traditionally been used in West Africa to dye leather.^[6]

There are 278 accepted Terminalia species as of July 2024 according to Plants of the World Online.^[2] Selected species include:

Terminalia acuminata (Fr. Allem.) Eichl.
Terminalia albida Scott-Elliot
Terminalia amazonia (J.F.Gmel.) Exell – white olive
Terminalia anogeissiana Gere & Boatwr. – axlewood
Terminalia arbuscula Sw.
Terminalia archipelagi Coode
Terminalia arenicola Byrnes
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. – arjuna, koha, white marudah
Terminalia arostrata Ewart & O.B.Davies – crocodile tree
Terminalia australis Cambess – palo amarillo, tanimbú
Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr.
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. – beleric
Terminalia bentii (Baker) Gere & Boatwr.
Terminalia bialata (Roxb.) Steud. – Indochina, Philippines
Terminalia buceras (L.) C.Wright
Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L.O.Williams
Terminalia bursarina – Bendee
Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
Terminalia cambodiana Gagnep.
Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. – jalool
Terminalia carolinensis Kaneh.
Terminalia catappa L. – Indian almond, tropical almond, umbrella tree
Terminalia chebula Retz. – black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, inknut
Terminalia cherrieri McKee
Terminalia circumalata F.Muell.
Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner – Pindan quondong
Terminalia dhofarica (A.J.Scott) Gere & Boatwr.
Terminalia eddowesii Coode
Terminalia engleri Gere & Boatwr. – terenifù (West Africa to Cameroon)
Terminalia elliptica Willd. – Indian-laurel
Terminalia eriostachya A.Rich.
Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell – billygoat plum, Kakadu plum, gubinge
Terminalia fitzgeraldii C.A.Gardner
Terminalia glabrata G.Forst.
Terminalia grandiflora Benth.
Terminalia hadleyana W.Fitzg.
Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. – idigbo, black afara, blackbark, brimstone wood, shingle wood
Terminalia januariensis DC.
Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. – okari nut
Terminalia kangeanensis Slooten
Terminalia kuhlmannii Alwan & Stace
Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett
Terminalia latifolia Sw.
Terminalia latipes Benth.
Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill.
Terminalia littoralis L.
Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.
Terminalia microcarpa Decne.
Terminalia muelleri Benth. – Australian almond
Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
Terminalia neotaliala – Madagascar almond tree
Terminalia nitens C.Presl
Terminalia novocaledonica Däniker
Terminalia oblongata F.Muell.
Terminalia paniculata Roth
Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
Terminalia pellucida C.Presl
Terminalia pendula (Edgew.) Gere & Boatwr. (incorporating T. phillyreifolia)
Terminalia petiolaris Benth. – marool
Terminalia platyphylla F.Muell.
Terminalia platyptera F.Muell.
Terminalia polycarpa Engl. & Diels
Terminalia porphyrocarpa F.Muell. ex Benth.
Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson
Terminalia reitzii Excell
Terminalia rerei Coode
Terminalia richii A.Gray
Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw
Terminalia schimperiana Hochst.
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. – silver terminalia
Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels – limba
Terminalia triptera Stapf. (syn. T. nigrovenulosa Pierre)
Terminalia volucris Benth.

[1]
"Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
[2]
"Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
[3]
"Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
[4]
Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20
[5]
Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53
[6]
Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 230. JSTOR 4118651.

[GRIN-1] [1]
"Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18.

[powo-2] [2]
"Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

[mobotpf-3] [3]
"Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.

[4] [4]
Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20

[5] [5]
Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53

[6] [6]
Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 230. JSTOR 4118651.

[2]

[3]

[1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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Terminalia (plant)

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Selected species

References

Terminalia

Terminalia catappa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Combretaceae
Genus:	Terminalia L. (1767)^[1]
Synonyms^[1]
List Adamaram Adans. (1763) Anogeissus (DC.) Guill. (1832) Badamia Gaertn. (1791) Buceras P.Browne (1756) Buchenavia Eichler (1866) Bucida L. (1759) Catappa Gaertn. (1791) Chicharronia A.Rich. (1845) Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss. (1789) Fatrea Juss. (1811) Finetia Gagnep. (1916) Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav. (1794) Hudsonia A.Rob. ex Lunan (1814), nom. illeg. Kniphofia Scop. (1777), nom. rej. Myrobalanifera Houtt. (1774) Myrobalanus Gaertn. (1790) Pamea Aubl. (1775) Panel Adans. (1763) Pentaptera Roxb. (1828) Pteleopsis Engl. (1894) Ramatuela Kunth (1825) Ramatuella Kunth (1826), orth. var. Resinaria Comm. ex Lam. (1785), not validly publ. Tanibouca Aubl. (1775) Terminaliopsis Danguy (1923) Vicentia Allemão (1844)