![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/220px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg) Freshly cut sample of lithium, with minimal oxides |
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Pronunciation | (LITH-ee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery-white |
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Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals |
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Period | period 2 |
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Block | s-block |
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Electron configuration | [He] 2s1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 1 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F) |
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Boiling point | 1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 0.534 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.512 g/cm3 |
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Critical point | 3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated) |
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Heat of fusion | 3.00 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 136 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 24.860 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
797 |
885 |
995 |
1144 |
1337 |
1610 |
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Oxidation states | 0[3], +1 (a strongly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.98 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 520.2 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 7298.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 11815.0 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 152 pm |
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Covalent radius | 128±7 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 182 pm |
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Spectral lines of lithium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 6000 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 46 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 84.8 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 92.8 nΩ⋅m (at 20°C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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Young's modulus | 4.9 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 4.2 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 11 GPa |
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Mohs hardness | 0.6 |
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CAS Number | 7439-93-2 |
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Category: Lithium | references |