Tabernaemontana pandacaqui

Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, known as windmill bush and banana bush,^[5] is a species of plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae.

Tabernaemontana pandacaqui
1880 illustration[1]
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[2]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Genus:	Tabernaemontana
Species:	T. pandacaqui
Binomial name
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam.[3]
Synonyms[4]
92 synonyms Ervatamia pandacaqui (Poir.) Pichon Pagiantha pandacaqui (Poir.) Markgr. Alstonia pacifica (Seem.) A.C.Sm. Anartia recurva Miers Ervatamia angustisepala (Benth.) Domin Ervatamia benthamiana Domin Ervatamia biflora (Elmer) Pichon Ervatamia brachybotrys (Merr.) Pichon Ervatamia calcicola Kerr Ervatamia capsicoides (Merr.) Pichon Ervatamia cumingiana (A.DC.) Markgr. Ervatamia daemeliana Domin Ervatamia decaisnei (A.DC.) Markgr. Ervatamia ecarinata (Merr.) Pichon Ervatamia eriophora Markgr. Ervatamia floribunda (Blume) Pichon Ervatamia floribunda var. villosiuscula Bakh.f. Ervatamia hexagona (Merr.) Pichon Ervatamia lifuana Boiteau & L.Allorge Ervatamia linearifolia (Merr.) Markgr. Ervatamia makateaensis H.St.John Ervatamia merrilliana Markgr. Ervatamia mindorensis (Merr.) Markgr. Ervatamia montensis S.Moore Ervatamia mucronata (Merr.) Markgr. Ervatamia obtusiuscula Markgr. Ervatamia oligantha (Merr.) Pichon Ervatamia orientalis (R.Br.) Domin Ervatamia parviflora Meijer Drees Ervatamia polygama (Blanco) Markgr. Ervatamia puberula Tsiang & P.T.Li Ervatamia pubescens (R.Br.) Domin Ervatamia pubescens var. barbatocalyx (Markgr.) Markgr. Ervatamia pubescens var. glaberrima Bakh.f. Ervatamia pubescens var. grandiflora Domin Ervatamia pubescens subvar. lancifolia (Markgr.) Markgr. Ervatamia pubescens var. punctulata (Warb.) Markgr. Ervatamia pubescens var. superba Domin Ervatamia pubescens var. typica Domin Ervatamia punctulata (Warb.) Markgr. Ervatamia punctulata var. barbatocalyx Markgr. Ervatamia punctulata subvar. lancifolia Markgr. Ervatamia rotensis Kaneh. Ervatamia subglobosa (Merr.) Pichon Pagiantha oligantha (Merr.) Markgr. Pagiantha subglobosa (Merr.) Markgr. Rejoua pacifica (Seem.) Markgr. Tabernaemontana arborescens Perr. Tabernaemontana biflora Elmer Tabernaemontana brachybotrys Merr. Tabernaemontana capsicoides Merr. Tabernaemontana caudata Merr. Tabernaemontana cerniflora Zipp. ex Span. Tabernaemontana citrifolia G.Forst. Tabernaemontana congestiflora Elmer Tabernaemontana cumingiana A.DC. Tabernaemontana decaisnei A.DC. Tabernaemontana decaisnei var. petiolata A.DC. Tabernaemontana diclinis K.Schum. & Lauterb. Tabernaemontana ebracteata R.Br. Tabernaemontana ecarinata Merr. Tabernaemontana floribunda Blume Tabernaemontana guangdongensis P.T.Li Tabernaemontana hexagona Merr. Tabernaemontana indica Poir. Tabernaemontana laurifolia Blanco Tabernaemontana laxiflora Teijsm. & Binn. Tabernaemontana linearifolia Merr. Tabernaemontana mindanaensis Merr. Tabernaemontana mindorensis Merr. Tabernaemontana mollis Hook. & Arn. Tabernaemontana mucronata Merr. Tabernaemontana multiflora Sm. Tabernaemontana oligantha Merr. Tabernaemontana orientalis R.Br. Tabernaemontana orientalis var. angustifolia Benth. Tabernaemontana orientalis var. angustisepala Benth. Tabernaemontana orientalis var. grandifolia Valeton Tabernaemontana pacifica Seem. Tabernaemontana parviflora Decne. Tabernaemontana polygama Blanco Tabernaemontana puberula Merr. Tabernaemontana pubescens R.Br. Tabernaemontana pubescens Teijsm. & Binn. Tabernaemontana punctulata Warb. Tabernaemontana riedeliana Miq. Tabernaemontana rotensis (Kaneh.) B.C.Stone Tabernaemontana semperflorens Perr. Tabernaemontana subglobosa Merr. Tabernaemontana thailandensis P.T.Li Tabernaemontana vitiensis Seem. Benkara pandacaki (J.F.Gmel.) M.R.Almeida Gardenia pandacaki J.F.Gmel.

Description

Tabernaemontana pandacaqui grows as a shrub or tree up to 14 m (50 ft) tall. Its flowers feature white or pale yellow corolla lobes. The fruit is orange, red or yellow with paired follicles, each up to 7 cm (3 in) in diameter.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

Tabernaemontana pandacaqui is native to China, Taiwan, Thailand, Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia and many Pacific islands.^[7] Plants in the Mariana islands of Guam and Rota are now considered to be a separate species, Tabernaemontana rotensis.^{[8][better source needed]} It is found in a wide variety of habitats, particularly in drier areas.^[6] The species is also reportedly naturalized in the Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago and Panama.^[7]

See also

List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands

References

1. 1880 illustration from Francisco Manuel Blanco (O.S.A.) - Flora de Filipinas, Gran edicion
2. Yu, S.-X.; Qin, h.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147622277A147622279. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147622277A147622279.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
3. "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
4. "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
5. F.A. Zich; B.P.M Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan (2020). "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Retrieved 15 March 2021.
6. Middleton, David J. (September 2004). "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam." (PDF). In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G.; Chung, R. C. K. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 5. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 57–58. ISBN 983-2181-59-3. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
7. "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
8. Shishido, Caitlin; Weisenberger, Lauren; Laut, Megan (2020). Tabernaemontana rotensis (no common name): 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation (PDF). Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office. pp. 10, 23.