TWA Flight 400

On April 1, 1956, a Martin 4-0-4, registration #N40403, operating as TWA Flight 400, crashed on takeoff from Greater Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT). Twenty-two of the 36 people aboard the aircraft, including one crewmember,^[1] perished in the evening crash on Easter Sunday.^[2][3][4][5]

TWA Flight 400

A Martin 4-0-4 similar to the accident aircraft
Accident
Date	April 1, 1956
Summary	Mechanical failure followed by pilot error
Site	Moon Township, Allegheny County, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Aircraft type	Martin 4-0-4
Operator	Trans World Airlines
Registration	N40403
Flight origin	Pittsburgh International Airport, Pennsylvania (PIT/KPIT)
Destination	Newark International Airport, New Jersey (EWR/KEWR)
Passengers	33
Crew	3
Fatalities	22 (passengers:21 crew:1)
Survivors	14 (passengers:12 crew:2)

Flight 400 was to be an eastbound IFR flight from Pittsburgh to Newark International Airport (EWR) in New Jersey, with scheduled stops in eastern Pennsylvania at Harrisburg, Reading, and Allentown. On this particular flight, the first officer was in the left seat, as he was being line-checked by the captain; both pilots survived.

Takeoff and crash

As the aircraft became airborne from runway 23 (since removed), a sharp yaw was experienced while the first officer reduced power at an altitude of approximately one hundred feet (30 m). Almost immediately, the fire warning light for the number one engine illuminated; however, the fire warning bell never sounded. At this point, the first officer is thought to have throttled down the number one engine. The captain had only noted the loss of power shown by the BMEP gauge, but never saw the fire warning light; he pulled the mixture to idle cutoff.

As the first officer reached for the manual feathering button, the captain stopped him. The captain indicated that the autofeather device would feather the no. 1 prop. This never occurred, due to the throttle lever being retarded to a position aft of the switches that arm the auto-feathering system. The no. 1 prop created sufficient drag, causing the aircraft to continue to yaw to the left. At only 1,690 feet (515 m) past the runway's end, the aircraft crashed at 7:20 PM.

The fire warning appears to have been caused by an exhaust connector clamp failure. Hot exhaust gases were blown directly onto an overheat detector.

Cause

Probable cause of the crash has been determined as: "Uncoordinated emergency action in the very short time available to the crew, which produced an aircraft configuration with insurmountable drag".

References

1. "Crew of crashed plane". The Day. (New London, Connecticut}. (AP photo). April 3, 1956. p. 1.
2. Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
3. "22 are killed, 14 survive as airliner crashes here". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 2, 1956. p. 1.
4. "22 dead in airliner crash". Pittsburgh Press. April 2, 1956. p. 1.
5. "Plane crash death toll 22 as another body is found". Reading Eagle. (Pennsylvania). Associated Press. April 2, 1956. p. 1.

External links

• Pennsylvania portal
• 1950s portal
• Aviation portal

• Report - Civil Aeronautics Board - PDF
• "14 Fast Rescue Operations Save 32 Passengers As Huge Stratoliner Falls Survive Death Count Reaches 22 in Pittsburgh Plane Crash". Kentucky New Era. Vol. 68, no. 116. Hopkinsville, Kentucky. Associated Press. 1956-04-02. p. 1.
• Newspaper article: survivor's story (subscription or library access required)

40.487°N 80.208°W / 40.487; -80.208