Sultanate of Ternate
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The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi: کسلطانن ترناتي), previously also known as the Kingdom of Gapi[1] is one of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Indonesia besides the sultanates of Tidore, Jailolo, and Bacan.
Sultanate of Ternate کسلطانن ترناتي Kesultanan Ternate | |||||||
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1257/1486–1914 | |||||||
Flag | |||||||
Capital | Ternate Gammalammo (royal capital 1575-1606) | ||||||
Common languages | Ternate, Malay, Portuguese (from 16th to 17th century), and Portuguese based creole. | ||||||
Religion |
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Government | Sultanate | ||||||
Sultan Alam ma-kolano | |||||||
• 1257 – 1277 | Baab Mashur Malamo | ||||||
• 1486 – 1500 | Zainal Abidin of Ternate (first sultan) | ||||||
• 1902 – 1915 | Muhammad Usman Shah (last sultan to rule Ternate) | ||||||
• 1929 – 1975 | Muhammad Jabir Syah (Honorary Sultan) | ||||||
• 2015 – 2019 | Sjarifuddin Sjah (Pretender) | ||||||
• 2021 – present | Hidayatullah Mudaffar Sjah (Pretender) | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Founded | 1257 | ||||||
• Conversion to Islam | 1486 | ||||||
• Vassalisation by Dutch | 1683 | ||||||
• Final ruler dethroned by Dutch | 1914 | ||||||
• Honorary sultan crowned | 1929 | ||||||
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Today part of | Indonesia |
The Ternate kingdom was established by Momole Cico, the first leader of Ternate, with the title Baab Mashur Malamo, traditionally in 1257.[1] It reached its Golden Age during the reign of Sultan Baabullah (1570–1583) and encompassed most of the eastern part of Indonesia and a part of southern Philippines. Ternate was a major producer of cloves and a regional power from the 15th to 17th centuries.
The dynasty founded by Cico continues to the present, as does the Sultanate itself, although it no longer holds any political power.