Sulfate chloride
Class of chemical compounds From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The sulfate chlorides are double salts containing both sulfate (SO42–) and chloride (Cl–) anions. They are distinct from the chlorosulfates, which have a chlorine atom attached to the sulfur as the ClSO3− anion.
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3D model (JSmol) |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Many minerals in this family exist. Many are found associated with volcanoes and fumaroles. As minerals they are included in the Nickel-Strunz classification group 7.DG.
The book Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals groups these in subgroup 12.2.[dubious – discuss]
List
Summarize
Perspective
| name | formula | ratio | system | space group | unit cell | volume | density | optical | references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arzrunite | Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) | 1:6 | orthorhombic | Blue Biaxial | [1] | ||||
| Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O | 1:4 | hexagonal | P62c | a = 15.78 c = 9.10 | 1,962 | 3.36 | blue
Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.724 – 1.746 nε = 1.738 – 1.758 Birefringence: 0.026 |
[2] |
| Potassium Zinc Sulfate Chloride | K2Zn(SO4)Cl3 ? | 1:3 | |||||||
| Chlorothionite | K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 | 1:2 | orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 7.73 b = 6.07 c = 16.29 | 764 | 2.67 | pale blue
Biaxial (+) |
[3] |
| Sundiusite | Pb10(SO4)O8Cl2 | 1:2 | monoclinic | a = 24.67 b = 3.781 c = 11.881 β = 100.07 | 1091.1 | Biaxial (+) nα = 2.100 nγ = 2.170
Max birefringence: δ = 0.070 |
[4] | ||
| Sodium Potassium Iron Sulfate Chloride | (Na,K)2Fe(SO4)Cl2 | 1:2 | |||||||
| Mammothite | Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 | 1:2 | monoclinic | C2 | a = 18.959 b = 7.3399 c = 11.363 β = 112.428(9)° Z=2 | 1461.6 | 5.21 | blue-green
Biaxial (+) nα = 1.868 nβ = 1.892 nγ = 1.928 2V:measured: 80° Birefringence: 0.060 |
[5] |
| Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydroxide | Zn3(SO4)(Cl,OH)2 | 1:2 | [6] | ||||||
| Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O | 2:4 | Orthorhombic | 2.431 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.567 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.722
2V: 83° |
[7] | |||
| Therasiaite | (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 | 3:5 | monoclinic | a = 18.284, b = 12.073, c = 9.535 Å, β = 108.10°, and Z = 4 | V = 2000.6 Å3 | brown | [8] | ||
| Acmonidesite | (NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8 | 5:8 | orthorhombic | a = 9.841 Å, b = 19.448 Å, c = 17.847 Å Z=4 | 3,415.70 Å3 | [9] | |||
| 'Ammonium-Kainite' | NH4Mg(SO4)Cl•3H2O | 1:1 | |||||||
| Anhydrokainite | KMg(SO4)Cl | 1:1 | [10] | ||||||
| Belousovite | KZn(SO4)Cl | 1:1 | monoclinic | P21/c | a = 6.8904 b = 9.6115 c = 8.2144 β = 96.582 Z = 4 | 540.43 | [11] | ||
| Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O | 1:1 | trigonal | P3 | a=8.35 c=13.08 | 802.67 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.561 nε = 1.538
Max birefringence: δ = 0.023 |
[12] | |
| Kainite | KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O | 1:1 | monoclinic | a = 19.72 b = 16.23 c = 9.53 β = 94.92° | 3,039 | 2.15 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.494 nβ = 1.505 nγ = 1.516
2V: measured: 90° , calculated: 88° Max birefringence: δ = 0.022 |
[13] | |
| Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O | 1:1 | trigonal | P31c | a = 8.24 c = 14.34 Z=2 | 843.2 | 3.14 | blue-green
Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.694 nε = 1.641 Max birefringence: δ = 0.053 |
[14] |
| Thérèsemagnanite | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O | 1:1 | trigonal | P3 | a = 8.349 c = 13.031 | 786.6 | 2.52 | Uniaxial (-) ω=1.792 nε=1.786
Max birefringence: δ = 0.006 |
[15][16] |
| Vendidaite | Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O | 1:1 | monoclinic | C2/c | a = 11.925 b = 16.134 c = 7.4573 β = 125.815° | 1163.4 | 1.97 | Biaxial (+) nα = 1.522 nβ = 1.524 nγ = 1.527
2V: calculated: 79° Max birefringence: δ = 0.005 |
[17] |
| Xitieshanite | Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O | 1:1 | monoclinic | P21/a | a = 14.102 b = 6.908 c = 10.673 β = 111.26° Z=4 | 968.97 | 1.99 | Biaxial (+) nα = 1.536 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.628
2V: measured: 77° , calculated: 78° Max birefringence: δ = 0.092 |
[18] |
| Zn Sulfate-Hydroxide-Chloride-Hydrate | Zn9(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2 · 6H2O | 2:2 | trigonal | R3 | a = 8.275 c = 32.000 Z=3 | 1,897.6 | [19] | ||
| Gordaite-related Ca-Zn Sulfate Chloride Hydrate | Ca[Zn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2](H2O)9 | 2:2 | trigonal | R3c | a = 8.3797 Å, c = 68.123 Z=6 | 4142.7 | [20] | ||
| UM1987-14-SO:ClHZn | Zn12(SO4)3Cl3(OH)15•5H2O | 3:3 | |||||||
| Aubertite | CuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O | 2:1 | triclinic | P1 | a=6.28 b=13.23 c=6.28 α=91.17°, β=94.67°, γ=82.45° | 515.50 | 1.815 | blue
Biaxial (-) nα = 1.462 nβ = 1.482 nγ = 1.495 2V: measured: 71° , calculated: 76° Max birefringence: δ = 0.033 |
[21] |
| Magnesioaubertite | (Mg,Cu)Al(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O | 2:1 | triclinic | P1 | a = 6.31 b = 13.20 c = 6.29 α = 91.74°, β = 94.55°, γ = 82.62° | 517.8 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.466 nβ = 1.481 nγ = 1.488
2V: measured: 112° to 114°, calculated: 66° Max birefringence: δ = 0.022 |
[22] | |
| Kamchatkite | KCu3(SO4)2OCl | 2:1 | orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 9.755 b = 7.015 c = 12.866 | 881.8 | 3.48 | greenish-yellow
Biaxial (+) nα = 1.695 nβ = 1.718 nγ = 1.759 2V: measured: 75° , calculated: 76° Max birefringence: δ = 0.064 |
[23] |
| Aiolosite | Na4Bi(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | hexagonal | P63/m | a = 9.626 c = 6.880 | 552.1 | 3.589 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.590 nε = 1.600
Max birefringence: δ = 0.010 |
[24] |
| Caracolite | Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | monoclinic | P63/m | a = 19.62 b = 7.14 c = 9.81 β = 120° | 1190 | 5.1 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.743 nβ = 1.754 nγ = 1.764
Max Birefringence: δ = 0.021 |
[25] |
| D'Ansite | Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 | 10:3 | isometric | I43d | a = 15.913 Z = 4 | 4,029.55 | 2.59 | isotropic n=1.488 | [26] |
| D'Ansite-(Fe) | Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3 | 10:3 | isometric | I43d |
a = 15.882 Z=4 |
4,006.04 | 2.62 | Isotropic n = 1.51 | [27] |
| D'Ansite-(Mn) | Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 | 10:3 | isometric | I43d | a = 15.929 Z=4 | 4,041.79 | 2.610 | Isotropic n = 1.50 | [28] |
| Adranosite | (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 | 4:1 | tetragonal | I41/acd | a = 18.118, c = 11.320 | 3,715.9 | [29] | ||
| Adranosite-(Fe) | (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 | 4:1 | tetragonal | I41/acd | a = 18.261, c = 11.562 Z=8 | 3855.5 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.580 nε = 1.570 Birefringence: δ = 0.010 | [30] | |
| Bluelizardite | Na7(UO2)(SO4)4Cl(H2O)2 | 4:1 | monoclinic | C2/c | a = 21.1507 b = 5.3469 c = 34.6711 β = 104.913° Z=8 | 3788.91 | 3.116 | yellow
Biaxial (-) nα = 1.515(1) nβ = 1.540(1) nγ = 1.545(1) 2V: measured: 48°, calculated: 47.6° Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 |
[31] |
| Piypite | K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl | 4:1 | Tetragonal | a = 13.6 c = 4.95 Z=2 | 915.6 | 3.1 | green
Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.583 nε = 1.695 Max Birefringence:δ = 0.112 |
[32] | |
| Atlasovite | K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl | 5:1 | tetragonal | P4/ncc | a = 9.86, c = 20.58 | 2,001 | 4.2 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.783 nε = 1.776 Birefringence: δ = 0.007 | [33] |
| Three or more anions | |||||||||
| Marinellite | (Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2O | 2:8 | Trigonal | P31c | a = 12.88 c = 31.761 | 4563 | 2.405 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.495 nε = 1.497
Max birefringence: δ = 0.002 |
[34] |
| Philolithite | Pb12O6Mn7(SO4)(CO3)4Cl4(OH)12 | 1:4 | Tetragonal | a = 12.627 c = 12.595 Z=2 | 2008.2 | green
Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950 Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 |
[35] | ||
| Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O | 1:4 | triclinic | P1 | a = 8.821 b = 10.776 c = 13.134 α = 68.96°, β = 86.52°, γ = 75.65° Z=2 | 1128.4 | 7.3 | pink
Biaxial nα = 2.120 nγ = 2.160 Max birefringence: δ = 0.040 |
[36] |
| Bobmeyerite | Pb4(Al3Cu)(Si4O12)(S0.5Si0.5O4)(OH)7Cl(H2O)3 | 1:2 | Orthorhombic | Pnnm | a = 13.969 b = 14.24 c = 5.893 Z=2 | 1173.6 | 4.381 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.756(4) nβ = 1.759(2) nγ = 1.759(2)
Max birefringence: δ = 0.003 |
[37] |
| Microsommite | Na4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2 | 1:2 | Hexagonal | a = 22.08 c = 5.33 | 2,250 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.521 nε = 1.529
Max birefringence: δ = 0.008 |
[38] | ||
| Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) | 3:2 | Hexagonal | P63/m | a = 10.0056, c = 7.496 Z=2 | 649.9 | 6.96 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 2.017 nε = 1.999 Birefringence: δ = 0.018 | [39] |
| Afghanite | (Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl6 | 6:6 | Trigonal | a = 12.796, c = 21.409 Z = 1 | 3,015.16 | 2.54 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.523 nε = 1.529 δ = 0.006 | [40] | |
| Alloriite | (Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6 | 6:6 | trigonal | P31c | a = 12.892 c = 21.340 Z=4 | 3,071.61 | 2.35 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.497(2) nε = 1.499(2)
Max birefringence: δ = 0.002 |
[41] |
| Eztlite | Pb2+2Fe3+3(Te4+ O3)3(SO4)O2Cl | 1:1 | monoclinic | Cm | a = 11.466 b = 19.775 c = 20.52 β = 20.52° Z=2 | 2322.6 | 4.5 | red
Biaxial nα = 2.140 nγ = 2.150 Max birefringence: δ = 0.010 |
[42] |
| Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O | 1:1 | Tetragonal | I4/m | a = 6.870, c = 13.342 Z=2 | 629.70 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.509 nε = 1.526
Birefringence: δ = 0.017 |
[43] | |
| Liottite | (Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4 | 5:4 | Hexagonal | a = 12.84 c = 16.09 | 2,297 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.530 nε = 1.528
Max birefringence: δ = 0.002 |
[44] | ||
| Chlorellestadite | Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 | 3:2 | Hexagonal | P63/m | a = 9.6002 c = 6.8692 Z=2 | 548.27 | 3.091 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.664 nε = 1.659
Max birefringence δ = 0.005 |
[45] |
| Heidornite | Na2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2Cl(OH)2 | 2:1 | monoclinic | a = 10.19 b = 7.76 c = 18.81 β = 93.33° Z=4 | 1,484.88 | 2.753 | Biaxial (+) nα = 1.579 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.604
2V: measured: 63° to 77°, calculated: 76° Max birefringence: δ = 0.025 |
[46] | |
| Mineevite-(Y) | Na25Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)2(CO3)11(HCO3)4(SO4)2F2Cl | 2:1 | hexagonal | P63/m | a = 8.811 c = 37.03 | 2,489.6 | 2.85 | Pale green
Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510 Max birefringence: δ = 0.026 |
[47] |
| Sulphohalite | Na6(SO4)2FCl | 2:1 | Isometric | Fm3m | a = 10.065, Z = 4 | 1,019.6 | isotropic n=1.455 | [48][49] | |
| Tounkite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2Cl · H2O | 2:1 | hexagonal | a = 12.84 c = 32.23 | 4,602 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.528 nε = 1.543
Max birefringence: δ = 0.015 |
[50] | ||
| Alloriite | Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O) | 5:1 | trigonal | P31c | a = 12.892 c = 21.340 | [51] | |||
| Galeite | Na15(SO4)5F4Cl | 5:1 | trigonal | a = 12.17 c = 13.94 | 1788 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.447 nε = 1.449
Max birefringence: δ = 0.002 |
|||
| Nabokoite | KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl | 5:1 | Tetragonal | a = 9.84 Å, c = 20.52 | 1,986.86 | nω = 1.778 nε = 1.773 uniaxial (-) | [52] | ||
| Schairerite | Na21(SO4)7ClF6 | 7:1 | Trigonal | a = 12.17 c = 19.29 | 2,474 | 2.612 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.440 nε = 1.445
Max birefringence: δ = 0.005 |
[53] | |
| Hanksite | Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl | 9:1 | Hexagonal | P 63/m | a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 | 2024.1 | [54] | ||
| Sacrofanite | (Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6•2H2O | 26:2 | hexagonal | P62c | a = 12.86 c = 72.24 Z=14 | 10,346 | 2.423 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.505 nε = 1.486
Max birefringence:δ = 0.019 |
[55] |
Artificial
| name | formula | ratio
SO4:Cl |
system | space group | unit cell | volume | density | optical | references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Ammonium-zinc-Kainite' | NH4Zn(SO4)Cl•3H2O | 1:1 | |||||||
| nonasodium tetrakis(sulfate) chloride diperhydrate | Na9[SO4]4Cl·2H2O2 | 4:1 | tetragonal | P 4/n | MW=694.63 a=29.6829 b=29.6829 c=8.4018 Z=16 | 7402.6 | 2.493 | colourless | [56] |
| 'zinc-Kainite' | KZn(SO4)Cl•3H2O | 1:1 | n=1.24 | [57] | |||||
| Li2RbSO4Cl | 1:1 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=4.8465 b=8.323 c=14.004 Z=4 | 564.0 | 2.714 | [58] | ||
| indium sulfate chloride | In2(SO4)3•InCl3•(17±1)H2O | 3:3 | [59] | ||||||
| Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | hexagonal | P63/m | [60] | |||||
| Na3Ca2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | orthorhombic >897K | [61] | ||||||
| Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | hexagonal | P63/m | [60] | |||||
| Na3Cd2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | monoclinic >494K | [61] | ||||||
| K3Ca2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | [62] | |||||||
| K3Pb2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | [63] | |||||||
| K4Sb(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | noncentrosymmetric | non-linear optic high birefringence. | [64] | |||||
| Calcium chlorosulfatosilicate | Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3Cl2 | 3:2 | hexagonal | a=9.688 c=6.849 | monoaxial,(-) , No = 1.665, Ne' = 1.659 | [65] | |||
| [Fe2Al4(OH)11](SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | ||||||||
| Lithium gordaite | LiZn4(OH)6(SO4)Cl·6H2O | 1:1 | ?c=17.84 | [66] | |||||
| K3Sn2(SO4)3Cl | 3:1 | stable to 440 °C | [67] | ||||||
| Rb3Sn2(SO4)2Cl3 | 2:3 | monoclinic | C2/m | a=21.153 b=5.1751 c= 6.9327 β =95.844 Z=2 | 754.97 | 3.485 | stable to 350 °C | [67] | |
| (NH4)SbCl2(SO4) | 1:2 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=6.3616 b=7.3110 c=15.827 Z=2 | 736.13 | 2.768 | colourless SHG 1.7×KDP | [68] | |
| (NH4)2SbCl(SO4)2 | 2:1 | orthorhombic | Pnma | a=8.6044 b=16.5821 c=7.1007 Z=2 | 1013.1 | 2.527 | colourless | [68] | |
| RbSbSO4Cl2 | 1:2 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=6.3469 b=7.4001 c=15.7798 Z=2 | 741.14 | 3.353 | SHG 2.7×KDP | [69] | |
| Cs3Sn2(SO4)2Cl3 | 2:3 | monoclinic | C2/m | a=22.222 b=5.1992 c= 7.2661 β =97.030 Z=2 | 833.17 | 3.725 | stable to 190 °C | [67] | |
| gadolinium chloride sulfate | GdClSO4 | 1:1 | monoclinic | P21/c | a = 9.437 6.5759 6.8005 β = 104.87 Z=4 | [70] | |||
| [Hf18O10(OH)26(SO4)12.7(H2O)20]Cl0.6·nH2O | hexagonal | P63/m | a=33.924 c=17.3577 Z=6 | 17096 | 3.474 | [71] | |||
| KBiCl2SO4 | 1:2 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a= 7.2890 b=6.3673 c=15.3306 Z=4 | 711.51 | 3.875 | band gap 3.95 eV | [72] | |
| RbBiCl2SO4 | 1:2 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a= 6.3352 b=7.4450 c=15.5302 Z=4 | 732.49 | 4.184 | colourless NLO SHG | [73] | |
| NH4BiCl2SO4 | 1:2 | orthorhombic | P212121 | a=7.3845 b=6.3593 c=15.5636 Z=4 | 730.87 | 3.581 | colourless NLO SHG | [73] | |
| bismuth guanidinium dichloride sulfate | [C(NH2)3]BiCl2SO4 | 1:2 | triclinic | P1 | a=6.4179 b=12.8984 c=12.9703 α=61.965° β=88.400° γ=76.935° Z=2 | 919.33 | 3.150 | birefringence 0.143@546 nm | [74] |
| Tripotassium dibismuth pentachloride dioxide disulfate | K3Bi2Cl5O2(SO4)2 | 2:5 | triclinic | P1 | a=6.513 b=7.2500 c=10.7916 al=82.500 be=83.742 ga=82.100 | 485.89 | band gap 3.62 eV | [75] | |
| K4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl | 2:1 | monoclinic | P2/n | a=10.0873 b=4.5354 c=14.3518 β=103.383 Z=2 | 638.76 | 3.395 | light green | [76] | |
| Rb4[(NpO2)(SO4)2]Cl | 2:1 | monoclinic | P2/n | a=10.5375 b=4.6151 c=16.068 β=103.184 Z=2 | 599.33 | 3.982 | light green | [76] | |
| complexes | |||||||||
| [Pt2(SO4)4Cl(H2O)]3- | 4:1 | [77] | |||||||
| Hf(SO4)2Cl− | 2:1 | [78] | |||||||
Some "chloride sulfates" are sold as solutions in water and used for water treatment. these include ferric chloride sulfate and polyaluminium sulfate chloride. The solutions may also be called "chlorosulfates" even though they do not contain a chlorosulfate group.
References
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