Strychnine
Poisonous substance used as pesticide / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn, -nɪn/, STRIK-neen, -nin, US chiefly /-naɪn/ -nyne)[6][7] is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia.[8] While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart[9] and bowel stimulant[10] and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.
Names | |
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IUPAC name
Strychnidin-10-one[1] | |
Systematic IUPAC name
(4bR,4b1S,7aS,8aR,8a1R,12aS)-4b1,5,6,7a,8,8a,8a1,11,12a,13-Decahydro-14H-12-oxa-7,14a-diaza-7,9-methanocyclohepta[cd]cyclopenta[g]fluoranthen-14-one | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.290 |
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII |
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UN number | 1692 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
C21H22N2O2 | |
Molar mass | 334.419 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | White or translucent crystal or crystalline powder; Bitter tasting |
Odor | Odorless |
Density | 1.36 g cm−3 |
Melting point | 270 °C; 518 °F; 543 K |
Boiling point | 284 to 286 °C; 543 to 547 °F; 557 to 559 K |
0.02% (20°C)[2] | |
Acidity (pKa) | 8.25[3] |
Pharmacology | |
Legal status | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Extremely toxic |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H300, H310, H330, H410 | |
P260, P264, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non flammable |
Non flammable | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
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LDLo (lowest published) |
0.6 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[5] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 0.15 mg/m3[2] |
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 0.15 mg/m3[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
3 mg/m3[2] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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