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Swedish main battle tank From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stridsvagn 122 (strv 122, IPA: [ˈstrɪ̂tːsvaŋn] )[lower-alpha 1] is a Swedish main battle tank that, like the German Leopard 2A5, is based on the German Leopard 2 Improved variant utilizing such newer technology as command, control, and fire-control systems, reinforced armour, and long-term combat capacity. Externally, the vehicle is distinguished from the Leopard 2A5 by the French GALIX smoke dispensers, different storage bins, and the thicker crew hatches.[4]
Stridsvagn 122 | |
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Type | Main battle tank |
Place of origin | Sweden and Germany[1] |
Service history | |
In service | 1997–present[2] |
Used by | |
Wars | |
Production history | |
Manufacturer | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann: 29 chassis[1] Land Systems Hägglunds AB: 91 chassis[1] |
Unit cost | US$5.74 million (FY 1994) (~$11.9 million FY 2023) |
Produced | 1994–2002 |
No. built | 120 |
Variants | Strv 122A (110 chassis) Strv 122B (10 chassis) |
Specifications | |
Mass | 62.5 tonnes (61.5 long tons; 68.9 short tons)[2][3] |
Length | 9.97 m (32 ft 9 in) (gun forward) |
Width | 3.75 m (12 ft 4 in) |
Height | 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in) |
Crew | 4 |
Armour | 3rd generation composite; including high-hardness steel, tungsten and plastic filler with ceramic component. |
Main armament | 1 x 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 smoothbore tank gun 42 rounds |
Secondary armament | 2 x 7.62×51mm NATO Ksp m/94 machine gun 4,750 rounds 4 x 2 GALIX smoke grenade launchers[3] |
Engine | MTU MB 873 Ka-501 liquid-cooled V-12 Twin-turbo diesel engine 1,500 PS (1,479 hp, 1,103 kW) at 2,600 rpm |
Power/weight | 24.19 PS/t (17.79 kW/t) |
Transmission | Renk HSWL 354 |
Suspension | Torsion-bar suspension |
Ground clearance | 540 mm |
Fuel capacity | 1,200 liters (317 US gallons; 264 imp. gal) |
Operational range | 550 km (340 mi) (internal fuel)[2][3] |
Maximum speed | 68 km/h (42 mph)[2][3] |
After the strv 2000 project for a new Swedish main battle tank was cancelled,[5] the Swedish government decided in 1991 that a foreign main battle tank was to be procured to replace the Strv 101, 102, 103 and 104 in service at the time. During the project "Strv Ny", three tank models were sent to Sweden to participate in trials: the American M1A2 Abrams, the German Leopard 2 Improved, and a prototype variant of the French Leclerc.
The trials concluded with the Leopard 2 approved as the winner and the M1A2 in second place. The shortcomings of the Leclerc were partly attributed to it still being in the development phase and not yet mature for service. In 1994 the Swedish government decided to acquire 120 new production tanks and 160 older Leopard 2A4s as a stopgap before the newer tanks were finished. The Leopard 2A4 in Swedish service became designated strv 121 while the new production became the strv 122. Of the 120 strv 122, 29 were manufactured by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann while the other 91 were manufactured by Bofors and Hägglunds.[6]
The Leopard PT A's width of 3.75 meters[3] was maintained and the weight increased by 350 kilograms (770 lb).[7]
The strv 122 was designed to fight in Swedish conditions including heavily forested areas as well as urban terrain. The designation derives from the 12 cm gun; it was the second tank in Swedish service featuring this calibre (the first being the strv 121 — a Leopard 2A4 fitted with Swedish lights and radios and painted in Swedish camouflage). The Swedish strv 122 features:[8]
As of 2013, 42 of these tanks remained in active service.[9] Most of the leased 160 Leopard 2A4s (local designation strv 121) were being returned to Germany.[10] The active tanks are divided between three companies, two at P 4, Skövde and one at I 19, Boden.[11] In 2015, the Swedish government decided that another tank company should be established at the P 18 regiment on the island of Gotland. This company was to be trained at P 4 and transferred to P 18 in 2019.[12][13]
In 2016, Sweden ordered new upgrades for the strv 122 from Krauss-Maffei, with planned delivery between 2018 and 2023.[14] Apart from routine renovation, the Stridsledningssystem Bataljon (a tactical battalion command system from SAAB), a new observation/gun sight (TIM) for the commander, and new communication systems for international missions, were to be added. A modular 360° ballistic protection system was originally planned but not implemented. This new upgraded version is designated strv 122C if the upgraded vehicle was originally a strv 122A variant, or strv 122D if based on a strv 122B.[15][16]
On 24 February 2023 the Swedish government announced that it would send 10 strv 122A to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[17]
In October 2023 the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) announced that a total of 44 strv 122 will be upgraded to the strv 123A standard. Modifications include the more powerful L/55 gun, new tracks, improved optics for the commander and gunner, and a night sight for the driver. Most of the electronics will also be replaced which will bring the tanks closer in line with more modern Leopard 2 variants. The first strv 123A tank is to be delivered in 2026.[18][19]
The contract also includes the option of modernising all of the Swedish army's strv 122 main battle tanks.[20]
On 24 September 2023, during the Zaporizhzhia counteroffensive in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, two Ukrainian Strv 122 tanks were lost in combat.[23] However, one of them was recovered shortly after, repaired, and later inspected by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[24]
On 30 October 2023, an strv 122 tank was knocked out by a Russian heavy anti-tank missile. The four crew of the tank were reported to have been seen escaping.[25]
According to the Oryx blog as 14 April 2024, seven out of ten strv 122, have been destroyed, damaged, or abandoned during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[26][27]
strv 122![]() |
M1A2![]() |
T-90![]() |
Leopard 2A5 ![]() |
Challenger 2![]() | |
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Unit cost | US$5.74 million (second-hand, FY 2007)[28] | US$6.21 million (domestic cost, FY 1999)[29] | US$4.25 million (export cost, FY 2011)[30] | US$6.86 million (domestic cost, FY 1999)[31] | US$6.53 million (domestic cost, FY 1999)[32] |
Weight | 62.5 t[2][3] | 63.09 t[33] | 46 t[34] | 62.3 t[35] | 74.9 t[36] |
Length | 9.97 meters[37] | 9.77 meters[33] | 9.63 meters[34] | 9.97 meters[35] | 11.50 meters[36] |
Width | 3.75 meters[37] | 3.7 meters[33] | 3.78 meters[34] | 3.75 meters[35] | 3.5 meters[36] |
Height | 3 meters[37] | 2.4 meters[33] | 2.22 meters[34] | 3 meters[35] | 2.49 meters[36] |
Crew | 4[37] | 4[33] | 3[34] | 4[35] | 4[36] |
Armor | 3rd generation composite[37] | Depleted Uranium composite[33] | Composite/reactive[34] | 3rd generation composite[35] | Dorchester Level 2 (classified)[36] |
Main armament | 1x 120 mm Rheinmetall L/44 smoothbore gun[37] | 1x M256 120 mm L/44 smoothbore gun[33] | 1x 125 mm L/48 smoothbore gun[34] | 1x 120 mm Rheinmetall L/44 smoothbore gun[35] | 1x 120 mm L30 L/55 rifled gun[36] |
Main ammunition | 42 rounds[37] | 42 rounds[33] | 42 rounds[34] | 42 rounds[35] | 50 rounds[36] |
Secondary armament | 2x 7.62mm machine guns[37] | 1x 12.7mm heavy machine gun 2x 7.62mm machine guns[33] |
1x 12.7mm heavy machine gun 1x 7.62mm machine gun[34] |
2x 7.62mm machine guns[35] | Coaxial 7.62×51mm L94A1 EX-34 (chain gun), 7.62×51mm L7A2 (GPMG) Loader's Pintle Mounted Machine Gun[36] |
Secondary ammunition | 4,750 rounds[37] | 900 rounds 10,000 rounds[33] |
7,000 rounds[34] | 4,750 rounds[35] | 4,000 rounds[38] |
Engine power | 1,500 hp[37] | 1,500 hp[33] | 1,000 hp[34] | 1,500 hp[35] | 1,200 bhp |
Power/weight | 24.00 hp/t[37] | 23.54 hp/t[33] | 21.74 hp/t[34] | 24.07 hp/t[35] | 19.2 hp/t[36] |
Suspension | Torsion-bar suspension[37] | Torsion-bar suspension[33] | Torsion-bar suspension[34] | Torsion-bar suspension[35] | Hydropneumatic[36] |
Fuel capacity | 1,200 liters[37] | 1,900 liters[33] | 1,600 liters (with auxiliary drums)[39] | 1,200 liters[35] | 1,592 liters[36] |
Operational range | 550 km[2][3] | 425 km[33] | 550 km[34] | 550 km[35] | 450 km[36] |
Speed | 68 km/h[2][3] | 68 km/h[33] | 65 km/h[34] | 72 km/h[35] | 59 km/h[36] |
Current operators