St. Sebaldus Church, Nuremberg

St. Sebaldus Church (St. Sebald, Sebalduskirche) is a medieval church in Nuremberg, Germany. Along with Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Church) and St. Lorenz, it is one of the most important churches of the city, and also one of the oldest. It is located at the Albrecht-Dürer-Platz, in front of the old city hall. It takes its name from Sebaldus, an 8th-century hermit and missionary and patron saint of Nuremberg. It has been a Lutheran parish church since the Reformation.

St. Sebaldus Church
Sebalduskirche
northern facade
St. Sebaldus Church Show map of Bavaria St. Sebaldus Church Show map of Germany
49°27′19″N 11°4′35″E
Location	Nuremberg
Country	Germany
Denomination	Lutheran
Previous denomination	Catholic
Website	www.sebalduskirche.de
History
Status	Parish church
Founded	1225 (building) 1255 (parish)
Architecture
Functional status	Active
Style	Romanesque (original building) Gothic
Administration
Division	Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria
Clergy
Senior pastor(s)	Martin Brons
Laity
Director of music	Bernhard Buttmann

History

The construction of the building began in 1225. the church achieved parish church status in 1255 and was completed by 1273–75. It was originally built as a Romanesque basilica with two choirs. During the 14th century several important changes to the construction were made: first the side aisles were widened and the steeples made higher (1309–1345), then the late gothic hall chancel was built (1358–1379). The two towers were added in the 15th century. In the middle 17th century galleries were added and the interior was remodelled in the Baroque fashion. The church suffered serious damage during World War II and was subsequently restored. Some of the old interior undamaged includes the Shrine of St. Sebaldus, works by Veit Stoss and the stained glass windows. In the church the famous epitaph of the Tucher family can be found.

• 
  Monument of St. Sebaldus, a work of Peter Vischer the Elder and his sons. Begun 1508, completed 1519
• 
  3D historical restoration of the Romanesque-period form of the St. Sebald Church
• 
  3D historical restoration of the early Gothic-period Saint Sebald Church
• 
  3D historical restoration showing Saint Sebald's late Gothic East Choir addition superimposed on the early Gothic church
• 
  3D historical restoration showing the Romanesque-period Saint Sebald Church superimposed on the current Church
• 
  Tucher Epitaph

Organ

The organ of 1975 by Peter of Cologne

The church had an organ by the 14th century, and another by the 15th. The main organ had been built in 1440–41 by Heinrich Traxdorf, who also built two small organs for Nuremberg's Frauenkirche. The Traxdorf organ was rebuilt in 1691. The modified case was destroyed by the Allied forces during a bombing raid on 2 January 1945.

The new 4 manual, 122 rank, 84 stop organ by Peter of Cologne was installed in 1975.

I Hauptwerk C–a3 Praestant 16′ Bordun 16′ Principal 8′ Metallflöte 8′ Spitzgambe 8′ Großnasat 51/3′ Octave 4′ Spitzflöte 4′ Schwiegel 22/3′ Octave 2′ Rohrschweizerpfeife 2′ Kornett V 8′ Hintersatz III–IV 4′ Mixtur VI–VII 2′ Trompete 16′ Trompete 8′ Trompete 4′ Glocken

II Schwell-Positiv C–a3 Rohrpommer 16′ Grobgedeckt 8′ Quintadena 8′ Weidenpfeife 8′ Principal 4′ Rohrflöte 4′ Nasatquinte 22/3′ Kleinoctave 2′ Überblasender Dulcian 2′ Gemsterz 13/5′ Kleinquinte 11/3′ Sifflet 1′ Septnone II 11/7′ Scharfmixtur IV–VI 1′ Cimbel III 1/3′ Rohrkrummhorn 16′ Voix humaine 8′ Schalmei 8′ Tremulant

III Schwell-Oberwerk C–a3 Nachthorngedeckt 16′ Schwellprincipal 8′ Rohrgedeckt 8′ Flaut d’amore 8′ Flaut lament (Schwebung) 8′ Octava nazarda 4′ Koppelflöte 4′ Terzflöte 31/5′ Octave 2′ Flute douce 2′ Rohrgemsquinte 11/3′ Span. Hintersatz III 4′ Sesquialtera II 22/3′ Mixtur V–VI 11/3′ Oberton II 8/11′ Fagott 16′ Trompete harmonique 8′ Clairon 4′ Tremulant Xylophon

Pedalwerk C–f1 Principalbass 32′ Principalbass 16′ Subbass 16′ Gedecktbass 16′ Salizetbass 16′ Octavbass 8′ Bassflöte 8′ Octave 4′ Gemshorn 4′ Doppelrohrflöte 2′ Bauernflöte 1′ Rauschzink IV 51/3′ Mixtur IV 22/3′ Bombarde 32′ Posaunenbass 16′ Trompetenbass 8′ Bärpfeife 8′ Feldtrompete 4′ Tremulant

(IV) Chororgel C–a3 Gedeckt 8′ Engl. Gambe 8′ Principal 4′ Rohrtraverse 4′ Octave 2′ Quinte 22/3′ Mixtur III–IV 1′ Musette 8′ Tremulant Pedal (Chororgel) C–f1 Pommer 16′ Bassflöte 8′ Choralbass II 4′

• Couplers: II/I, III/I, III/II, IV/I, IV/II, IV/III, I/P, II/P, II 4'/P, III/P, IV/P

Organists

The position of organist of St. Sebaldus was the most important one of this kind in Nuremberg, and several important composers occupied this post. Organists who worked at St. Sebaldus include the following (almost all held the post until their death, except where stated otherwise):

• 1446–1450: Conrad Paumann, secretly left for Munich
• 1522–1524: Hans Seber
• 1564-1561: Sebald Heyden
• 1567–1571: Hans Haiden
• 1596–1616: Hans Christoph Haiden, dismissed for adultery
• 1616–1618: Kasper Hassler
• 1618–1634: Johann Staden
• 1634–1658: Valentin Dretzel
• 1658–1686: Paul Hainlein
• 1686–1695: Georg Caspar Wecker
• 1695–1706: Johann Pachelbel
• 1706–1719: Johann Siegmund Richter
• 1719–1764: Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel (Johann's son)
• 1764–1775: Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel
• 1783–1810: Egidius Bauer
• 1969–1991: Werner Jacob (left)

Judensau

Anti-Jewish sculpture of a "Judensau" (German for "Jews' sow"). Seen from the Rathausplatz.

The church features a Judensau, an antisemitic sculpture depicting Jews engaged in obscene activities with pigs. The Judensau depicts a large sow, with two Jews hanging on the teats. A third Jew is feeding the sow on the left side, while a fourth is collecting the excrement on the right. The sculpture was made in the 1380s and is placed at a height of about 7 meters on the church.^[1]

Burials

• Sebaldus

References

1. "What Should We Do with Hateful Medieval Monuments?". The Public Medievalist. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 2021-12-11.

• Christoph Wolff. "Paumann, Conrad", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access).
• Harold E. Samuel, Susan Gattuso. "Nuremberg", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy, grovemusic.com (subscription access).

External links

• (in German) St. Sebald Official Site
• St. Sebald at the official site of Nuremberg Includes a brief description in English
• St. Sebaldus church at Archiseek.com Includes brief descriptions and photographs
• Saint Sebald Church digital media archive (creative commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a Christofori und Partner/CyArk/Bavarian State Department of Monuments and Sites research partnership