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Family of bacteria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sphingomonadaceae are a gram-negative bacterial family of the Alphaproteobacteria. An important feature is the presence of sphingolipids (mainly 2′-hydroxymyristoyl dihydrosphingosine 1-glucuronic acid, "SGL-1") in the outer membrane of the cell wall.[2][3] The cells are ovoid or rod-shaped. Others are also pleomorphic, i.e. the cells change the shape over time. Some species from Sphingomonadaceae family are dominant components of biofilms.[4][5][6]
Sphingomonadaceae | |
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A culture of Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
Order: | Sphingomonadales |
Family: | Sphingomonadaceae Kosako et al. 2000 |
Type genus | |
Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990 | |
Genera[1] | |
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While most species within Sphingomonadaceae family are heterotrophic,[7] some are phototrophic.
Some species of Sphingomonadaceae are known to degrade some aromatic compounds. This makes the bacteria of interest to environmental remediation.[8]
The diverse metabolic capacity of genera within the Sphingomonadaceae family, such as Sphingobium, Novosphingobium,[lower-alpha 1] and Sphingopyxis enable these genera to adapt to and be abundant in the presence of bisphenol A. A microbial community with abundant Sphingomonadaceae members can degrade bisphenol A with a constant rate.[9]
Some Sphingomonas species are able to produce sphingans, a kind of exopolysaccharides with certain viscosity. This property of sphingans makes it useful in many industries including food and pharmaceutical.[10][7]
Bacteria within Sphingomonadaceae family are distributed in various environments, such as water,[5] soil,[11][12] sediment.[7][13]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature[1] and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.[14][lower-alpha 2]
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Some members of the Sphingomonadaceae commonly exist in human-impacted environments, including drinking water systems,[15][5] hospital and household tap water,[16] and medical devices.[17][18][19]
Most of the species of the Sphingomonadaceae are not known to be harmful to humans or plants.[7] Some species can protect plants from disease-causing pathogens such as Thielaviopsis basicola, and Rhizoctonia solani.[7][12][11][20]
The Sphingomonas and Sphingobium genera tend to have higher antibiotic resistance compared with three other genera within the Sphingomonadaceae: Novosphingobium,[lower-alpha 1] Sphingopyxis, and Blastomonas.[5]
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