Immunoglobulin therapy
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Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin or NHIG) to treat several health conditions.[12][13] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and certain other infections when a more specific immunoglobulin is not available.[12] Depending on the formulation it can be given by injection into muscle, a vein, or under the skin.[12] The effects last a few weeks.[13]
It has been suggested that this article should be split into a new article titled normal human immunoglobulin. (discuss) (December 2020) |
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Trade names | Flebogamma, Gammagard, Hizentra, others |
Other names | normal human immunoglobulin (HNIG), human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous |
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Common side effects include pain at the site of injection, muscle pain, and allergic reactions.[12] Other severe side effects include kidney problems, anaphylaxis, blood clots, and red blood cell breakdown.[12] Use is not recommended in people with some types of IgA deficiency.[12] Use appears to be relatively safe during pregnancy.[12] Human immunoglobulin is made from human blood plasma.[12] It contains antibodies against many viruses.[13]
Human immunoglobulin therapy first occurred in the 1930s and a formulation for injection into a vein was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981.[14] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[15][16] Each formulation of the product is somewhat different.[13] A number of specific immunoglobulin formulations are also available including for hepatitis B, rabies, tetanus, varicella infection, and Rh positive blood exposure.[13]