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Somatostatin receptor 2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Somatostatin receptor type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR2 gene.[5]
The SSTR2 gene is located on chromosome 17 on the long arm in position 25.1 in humans.[6] It is also found in most other vertebrates.[7]
The somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family, is a protein which is most highly expressed in the pancreas (both alpha- and beta-cells), but also in other tissues such as the cerebrum and kidney and in lower amount in the jejunum, colon and liver.[8][9][10] In the pancreas, after binding to somatostatin, it inhibits the secretion of peptide hormones from pancreatic islets.[8] During development, it stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth.[8]
The somatostatin receptor 2 is expressed in most tumors.[11] Patients with neuroendocrine tumors that over-express the somatostatin receptor 2 have an improved prognosis.[12] The over expression of SSTR2 in tumors can be exploited to selectively deliver radio-peptides to tumors to either detect or destroy them.[13] Somatostatin receptor 2 also has the ability to stimulate apoptosis in many cells including cancer cells.[14] The somatostatin receptor 2 is also being looked at as a possible target in cancer treatment for its ability to inhibit tumor growth.[15]