Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
2020 war between Armenia and Azerbaijan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding occupied territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, involving Azerbaijan, Armenia and the self-declared Armenian breakaway state of Artsakh.[lower-alpha 4] The war lasted for 44 days and resulted in Azerbaijani victory, with the defeat igniting anti-government protests in Armenia. Post-war skirmishes continued in the region, including substantial clashes in 2022.
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | |||||||||
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Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Turkey (alleged by Armenia)[12][13][14] |
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Units involved | |||||||||
Azerbaijan
Syrian mercenaries[36] |
Artsakh | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
Equipment:
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Equipment:
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Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Per Azerbaijan:
Per SOHR: See Casualties for details |
Per Armenia/Artsakh:
See Casualties and Prisoners of war for details | ||||||||
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Fighting began on the morning of 27 September, with an Azerbaijani offensive[81][82] along the line of contact established in the aftermath of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994). Clashes were particularly intense in the less mountainous districts of southern Nagorno-Karabakh.[83] Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan.[81][84]
The war was marked by the deployment of drones, sensors, long-range heavy artillery[85] and missile strikes, as well as by state propaganda and the use of official social media accounts in online information warfare.[86] In particular, Azerbaijan's widespread use of drones was seen as crucial in determining the conflict's outcome.[87] Numerous countries and the United Nations strongly condemned the fighting and called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and resume meaningful negotiations.[88] Three ceasefires brokered by Russia, France, and the United States failed to stop the conflict.[89]
Following the capture of Shusha, the second-largest city in Nagorno-Karabakh, a ceasefire agreement was signed, ending all hostilities in the area from 10 November 2020.[90][91][92] The agreement resulted in a major shift regarding the control of the territories in Nagorno-Karabakh and the areas surrounding it. Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers were deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor connecting Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, with a mandate of at least five years.[1] Following the end of the war, an unconfirmed number of Armenian prisoners of war were held captive in Azerbaijan, with reports of mistreatment and charges filed against them,[93][94][95][96] leading to a case at the International Court of Justice.[97]