Scholar-official
Learned men in government in Imperial China / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.
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Scholar-official | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 士大夫 | ||||||
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Vietnamese name | |||||||
Vietnamese alphabet | Sĩ đại phu | ||||||
Chữ Hán | 士大夫 | ||||||
Korean name | |||||||
Hangul | 사대부 | ||||||
Hanja | 士大夫 | ||||||
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Japanese name | |||||||
Kanji | 士大夫 | ||||||
Hiragana | したいふ | ||||||
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Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.[1]