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Traditional Korean hat for folk art From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A sangmo (Korean: 상모) is a hat used for Korean folk performances. It has feathers or paper streamers called piji, made of Korean paper attached to the top which is worn when dancing and moving the head around (머리춤; lit. head dance) during a pungmul (nongak) performance.[1]
The hat is also called chae-sang or beop-go. Performances with it are also called sangmo-noleum, chaesang-noleum, buckgu-noleum. Noleum (놀음) means performance. A person who wears a sangmo is called a beok-gu (벅구), chaesang-chibae (채상치배), or beokgu-jaebi (버꾸잽이). Chibae (치배) and jaebi (잽이) are terms for percussionists in pungmul.[2]
The origin of it can be found in the history of the jeon-lip. Jeonp-lip is a black cap of the sangmo. The origin of the jeon-lip is the jeolpung on the head. Jeolpung is the basic type of crown cap of the Three Kingdoms period, and used various ornaments such as flowers, branches, and bird feathers to represent the region and its identity.[3]
The old style of sangmo can be found in the mural paintings of Goguryeo tombs which adorn the feathers of birds on soldiers' heads.[3]
There are also claims that the sangmo was used as a means of military command. As the commander nodded left, right, rear, front, and all directions, the military stretched to the great heights of 'ㅡ,' 'ㅁ,' '曲, and 'ㅇ.'[4] Scholars say that it has gradually changed from military culture to an entertainment.[4]
The composition of the sangmo is divided into two parts: the leader session (kkwaenggwari) and instrument session (sogo: A small hand-held drum). Sangmo can be divided into jeon-lip corresponding to a hat, jin-ja made of wood and plastic beads, and mul-chae made of white thread and animal feathers.[3]
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