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Mormon vigilante From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 – April 15, 1869)[1][2] was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites, which existed in Missouri during the Missouri Mormon War in 1838.
Sampson Avard | |
|---|---|
Sampson Avard was one of the founders and leaders of the secret militia force known as the Mormon Danites in the Missouri Mormon War of 1838 | |
| Born | October 23, 1800 or 1803 St Peter's, Guernsey, UK |
| Died | April 15, 1869 (age 69-72) |
| Citizenship | British, American |
| Occupations |
|
| Employer(s) | Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, self-employed |
| Known for | Being one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon Danites in 1838 |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints |
| Service | Mormon militia |
| Years of service | 1838 |
| Unit | Mormon Danites |
| Commands | Mormon Danites commander |
| Battles / wars | Missouri Mormon War
|
Sampson Avard was born at St. Peter, Guernsey, Channel Islands, British Isles.[1] As an immigrant in the United States, he worked as a physician and later became a Campbellite minister in Pennsylvania.
In 1835 in Freedom, Pennsylvania, Orson Pratt baptized him a member of Church of the Latter Day Saints.[3]
Pratt ordained him an Elder and leader of the local branch of the church. After serving a mission near his home with Erastus Snow, he moved to the Latter Day Saint community at Kirtland, Ohio in 1836. He was ordained a High Priest in 1837, though his position as a High Priest was also revoked that same year for unclear reasons.[1][4]
In 1838, while living in Far West, Missouri and serving in the church's High Council there,[1] Avard witnessed the heated conflict between the growing Mormon population and the established non-Mormon Missourians. He was the founding organizer and leader of the Danites, a secret paramilitary vigilante militia, bound by oaths and intent on retaliating for Mormon injuries and losses. It remains unclear the extent to which Joseph Smith was aware or in favor of Avard's activities, although he recognized the Danites and encouraged them to be lawful.[5] Danite militaristic activities intensified the 1838 Mormon War and drew the attention of state government and militia.
After the Mormons were expelled from Missouri and Joseph Smith was arrested, Avard was the chief witness against Smith, testifying that Smith was the mastermind behind the Danites. Smith denounced the group as "frauds and secret abominations" and excommunicated Avard in March 1839. Avard never attempted to return to the Latter Day Saints.[6]
In 1850 Sampson Avard was practicing medicine in Edwardsville, Illinois.[7]
Sampson Avard died in 1869 in Edwardsville, Madison County, Illinois.[7]
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