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Samar (Ukrainian: Самар) is a neighborhood of the Samarskyi District (urban district) of the city of Dnipro in southern Ukraine. It is located at the mouth of Samara River on its right bank where the river enters Dnieper. Samar, originally a Cossack settlement, was destroyed in 17th century and consequently rebuilt in a different location, and is thus sometimes called Old Samar (Ukrainian: Стара Самар) to distinguish it from the New Samar.
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The exact year of foundation of the city is still researched. Archeologic founds suggest that the town existed in 1524.[1] In 2011 The Ukrainian Week stated that archaeologists of the Dnipro National University discovered artifacts dated around 1520s.[2]
The earliest mentioning of Samar as a settlement in Lower Dnieper region is a royal edict of the King of Poland Stephen Báthory in 1576. It was a river port administrated by local Cossacks.
In 1668 at its location was built Novobohorodytska (Bohorodytska) Fortress with an area of 70 hectares (170 acres).[3][1] It is the only large settlement of the Zaporozhian Cossacks on Ukraine's steppes which survived without significant destruction.[4] The remains the fortress occupy an area of almost 70 hectares.[4] According to scientists, the fortress did not appear out of nowhere: more than 1,700 years ago there was a settlement of an ancient tribe.[4] In 2001, by a resolution of the Government of Ukraine, the remains of the Novobohorodytska fortress was declared a historical monument of national importance.[4][3]
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