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Sadiyah (Arabic: السعدية, romanized: Al-Sadiyah;[2] Kurdish: سەعدیە, romanized: Sedîye[3][4]) is a town in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It is located near the Diyala River 8 km (5 mi) south of Jalawla.[5] The town is populated by Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens. It is disputed[6] and experienced significant Arabization during the Saddam era.[7]
Sadiyah
Qesrabad | |
|---|---|
Town | |
  Sadiyah | |
| Coordinates: 34°11′26.0″N 45°07′14.8″E | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Governorate | Diyala |
| District | Khanaqin District |
| Population (2013)[1] | |
| • Total | 47,213 |
Sadiyah is controlled by Badr Organization.[8]
Sadiyah has been the center town of Sadiyah Sub-District since the Ottoman era.[9] Sadiyah was used as winter pasture by the Kurdish Kalhor and Sanjâbi tribes who would pay pasturage dues to the Ottomans.[10] As part of the revolt of 1920, Sadiyah fell on 14 August 1920 largely due to the work of the Kurdish Dilo tribe.[11]
Kurds constituted 50% of the town in the 1947 census[12] and 40.5% in 1957.[9] Arabs constituted 47.1% of the population in 1957, while Iraqi Turkmens were 12.4%.[9] In the 1965 census, Arabs were the majority with 58.4% while Kurds constituted 24.7% and Turkmens were 9.6%.[13] In the 1977 census, the Arab population increased to 90.2%, while Kurds and Turkmens were 5.1% and 4% respectively.[14] In 1987, Arabs were 87.8% of the population, Kurds were 16.8% and Turkmens were 5.4%,[15] while the numbers were 83.1%, 9.9% and 7% for Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens, respectively in 1997.[16] More recent estimates state that Kurds constituted 38% in 2003 and 12% in 2012.[17]
After the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, Kurdistan Region pressured Arab settlers in Khanaqin to settle in Sadiyah which increased the Arab population further.[7] Peshmerga was deployed to the town in 2011 after request from the federal government in Baghdad to counter the attacks on the local Kurds.[18] The dire security after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003, forced more Kurds to leave the town.[19][7]
ISIS and aftermath
In the early hours of 13 June, ISIS seized Sadiyah, after Iraqi security forces had abandoned their posts. Several villages around the Hamrin Mountains were also captured.[20][21] Sadiyah was captured by the Popular Mobilization Forces in November 2014.[22] As of 2018, 80% of the Kurdish population have not returned to the town.[23]
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