SS Stephen Hopkins

SS Stephen Hopkins was a United States Merchant Marine Liberty ship that served in World War II. She was the only US merchant vessel to sink a German surface combatant during the war.

Picture of Stephen Hopkins at her launch.
History
Name	Stephen Hopkins
Namesake	Stephen Hopkins
Builder	Permanente Metals Corporation
Launched	May 1942
Fate	Sunk in battle September 27, 1942
General characteristics
Class and type	Liberty ship
Tonnage	7,181 GRT
Length	441.5 ft (135 m)
Beam	57 ft (17 m)
Draught	27.75 ft (8 m)
Propulsion	triple expansion, 2,500 ihp (1,900 kW)
Speed	11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph)
Armament	1 × 4 in (102 mm)/50 caliber gun (Mark 9)[1] 2 × 37 mm cannon; 6 machine guns

She was built at the Permanente Metals Corporation (Kaiser) shipyards in Richmond, California. Her namesake was Stephen Hopkins, a Founding Father and signer of the Declaration of Independence from Rhode Island.^[2] She was operated by Luckenbach Steamship Company under charter with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration.

Action of 27 September 1942

She completed her first cargo run, but never made it home. On September 27, 1942, en route from Cape Town to Surinam, she encountered the heavily armed German commerce raider Stier and her tender Tannenfels. Because of fog, the ships were only 2 miles (3.2 km) apart when they sighted each other.^[2]

Ordered to stop, Stephen Hopkins refused to surrender, and Stier opened fire. Although greatly outgunned, the crew of Stephen Hopkins fought back, replacing the Armed Guard crew of the ship's lone 4-inch (102 mm) gun with volunteers as they fell. The fight was fierce and short, and by its end both ships were wrecks.^[2]

Action of 27 September 1942
Part of World War II
Date September 27, 1942 Location off Surinam, Atlantic Ocean Result Mutually destructive engagement
Belligerents
United States	Nazi Germany
Commanders and leaders
Paul Buck  †	Horst Gerlach
Strength
1 Liberty ship	1 auxiliary cruiser, 1 supply ship
Casualties and losses
42 killed 1 Liberty ship sunk	2 killed 1 auxiliary cruiser scuttled, 1 supply ship lightly damaged

Stephen Hopkins sank at 10:00. Stier, too heavily damaged to continue her voyage, was scuttled by its crew less than two hours later. Most of the crew of Stephen Hopkins died, including Captain Paul Buck. The 15 survivors drifted on a lifeboat for a month before reaching shore in Brazil.^[2]

Captain Buck was posthumously awarded the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for his actions.^[3] So was US Merchant Marine Academy cadet Edwin Joseph O'Hara, who single-handedly fired the last shots from the ship's 4-inch gun.^[4] Navy reservist Lt. (j.g.) Kenneth Martin Willett, commander of the Armed Guard detachment which manned the ship's 4-inch gun, was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.^[5]

The Liberty ships SS Paul Buck, SS Edwin Joseph O'Hara, and SS Richard Moczkowski, and the destroyer escort USS Kenneth M. Willett were named in honor of crew members of Stephen Hopkins, and SS Stephen Hopkins II in honor of the ship itself.^{[citation needed]}

Recognition

• O'Hara Hall, the gymnasium facility at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, is named in honor of Midshipman O'Hara.^[6]
• Captain Paul Buck, master of SS Stephen Hopkins, was given the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal by The President of the United States. For determination to fight his ship and his perseverance in engaging the enemy to the utmost until his ship was rendered helpless. The award was given by Admiral Emory S. Land.^[7]
• George S. Cronk, Second Engineer on the ship, sailed his lifeboat 2,200 miles for 31 days to save his shipmates. He was given the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal by the President of the United States. The award was given by Admiral Emory S. Land.^[8]
• SS Stephen Hopkins was awarded the Gallant Ship Award for outstanding courage against overpowering odds by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration.^[9]

See also

• Action of 6 June 1942

References

1. Campbell 1985 p.143
2. Sawyer, L. A. and Mitchell, W. H. The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War, Second Edition, pp. 13, 141-2, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London, England, 1985. ISBN 1-85044-049-2.
3. "Tribute to Paul Buck". Archived from the original on 2004-04-15. Retrieved 2004-05-04.
4. "Ss Stephen Hopkins | Marad".
5. "Ss Stephen Hopkins | Marad".
6. usmmasports.com Stephen Hopkins
7. usmm.org Heroes, Paul Buck
8. usmm.org Heroes, George S. Cronk
9. "Ss Stephen Hopkins | Marad".

• Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.

External links

• The Gallant Liberty Ship SS Stephen Hopkins Sinks a German Raider Archived 2008-11-04 at the Wayback Machine from American Merchant Marine at War – U.S. Maritime Service Veterans
• Gallant Ship Award Citation from U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration.
• Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia from Houghton Mifflin.
• Tribute to Paul Buck Archived 2004-04-15 at the Wayback Machine and an account of the battle.
• Website Archived 2014-08-02 at the Wayback Machine for Liberty Ship SS Jeremiah O'Brien
• Website for Liberty Ship SS John W. Brown
• The Gallantry of An “Ugly Duckling”: Outgunned by the Nazi raider, the Stephen Hopkins could have struck her colors. Instead she elected to fight, Robert L. Vargas, American Heritage Magazine, December 1969

28°12′53″S 11°55′6″W