Royal Winnipeg Rifles

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles (R Wpg Rif) are a Primary Reserve one-battalion infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. Nicknamed the "Little Black Devils", they are based at Minto Armoury in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Royal Winnipeg Rifles are part of 3rd Canadian Division's 38 Canadian Brigade Group.^[1]

Royal Winnipeg Rifles
Cap badge of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles
Active	1883–present
Country	Canada
Branch	Canadian Army
Type	Rifles
Part of	38 Canadian Brigade Group
Garrison/HQ	Minto Armoury, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Nickname(s)	Little Black Devils
Motto(s)	Hosti acie nominati (Latin for 'Named by the enemy')
March	"Old Solomon Levi"
Engagements	North-West Rebellion Second Boer War First World War Second World War War in Afghanistan
Battle honours	See #Battle honours
Website	www.theroyalwinnipegrifles.com
Commanders
Colonel-in-Chief	King Charles III
Notable commanders	William Nassau Kennedy
Abbreviation	R Wpg Rif

Lineage

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles

• Originated on 9 November 1883, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as the 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles
• Redesignated on 8 May 1900, as the 90th Regiment Winnipeg Rifles
• Redesignated on 12 March 1920, as The Winnipeg Rifles
• Redesignated on 3 June 1935, as The Royal Winnipeg Rifles
• Redesignated on 7 November 1940, as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Royal Winnipeg Rifles
• Redesignated on 28 March 1946, as The Royal Winnipeg Rifles
• Amalgamated on 30 June 1955, with The Winnipeg Light Infantry Retaining its designation.^[1]

The Winnipeg Light Infantry

Main article: The Winnipeg Light Infantry

• Originated on 1 April 1912, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as the 106th Regiment, Winnipeg Light Infantry.
• Redesignated on 12 March 1920, as The Winnipeg Light Infantry.
• Redesignated on 15 December 1936, as The Winnipeg Light Infantry (Machine Gun).
• Redesignated on 18 March 1942, as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Winnipeg Light Infantry (Machine Gun).
• Redesignated on 1 June 1945, as The Winnipeg Light Infantry (Machine Gun).
• Redesignated on 1 April 1946, as The Winnipeg Light Infantry.
• Amalgamated on 30 June 1955, with The Royal Winnipeg Rifles.^[1]

Lineage charts

Lineage chart 1878–1914[2]
1878 Winnipeg Infy Coy 1883 90th "Winnipeg" Bn of Rifles 1885 Mobilized for active service Winnipeg Light Infy Bn[lower-alpha 1] 1885 Removed from active service Removed from active service 1886 91st "Winnipeg" Bn of Light Infy 1888 Disbanded 1900 90th Regt "Winnipeg Rifles" 1912 106th Regt, Winnipeg Light Infy

Lineage chart 1914–1936[2]

90th Regt "Winnipeg Rifles" 106th Regt, Winnipeg Light Infy 1914 8th Bn, CEF 10th Bn, CEF 44th Bn, CEF 27th Bn, CEF 1915 90th "Overseas" Bn, CEF 144th "Overseas" Bn, CEF 61st "Overseas" Bn, CEF 101st "Overseas" Bn, CEF 1916 Absorbed by 11th Reserve Bn 190th "Overseas" Bn, CEF 203rd "Overseas" Bn, CEF Absorbed by 11th Reserve Bn Absorbed by 17th Reserve Bn 222nd "Overseas" Bn, CEF 226th "Overseas" Bn, CEF 1917 Absorbed by 18th Reserve Bn Absorbed by 18th Reserve Bn Absorbed by 18th Reserve Bn Absorbed by 19th Reserve Bn Absorbed by 14th Reserve Bn 1920 Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded 1920 1st Bn (8th Bn, CEF), The Winnipeg Rifles 2nd Bn (90th Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Rifles 3rd Bn (144th Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Rifles 4th Bn (190th Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Rifles 5th Bn (203rd Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Rifles 1st Bn (10th Bn, CEF), The Winnipeg Light Infy 2nd Bn (61st Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Light Infy 3rd Bn (101st Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Light Infy 4th Bn (222nd Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Light Infy 5th Bn (226th Bn, CEF),[lower-alpha 2] The Winnipeg Light Infy 1932 Perpetuates 91st Bn Perpetuates 91st Bn Perpetuates 91st Bn Perpetuates 91st Bn Perpetuates 91st Bn 1935 1st Bn (8th Bn, CEF), The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 2nd Bn (90th Bn, CEF), The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 3rd Bn (144th Bn, CEF), The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 4th Bn (190th Bn, CEF), The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 5th Bn (203rd Bn, CEF), The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 1936 The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded The Winnipeg Light Infy (MG) Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded

Lineage chart 1936–present[2]

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles The Winnipeg Light Infy (MG) 1940 The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, CASF 1940 1st Bn, The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, CASF 2nd (Reserve) Bn, The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 1942 3rd Bn, The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, CASF 1st Bn, The Winnipeg Light Infy, CASF 2nd (Reserve) Bn, The Winnipeg Light Infy (MG) 1943 Disbanded 1945 4th Bn, The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, CIC, CAOF Disbanded The Winnipeg Light Infy (MG) 1946 Disbanded The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Disbanded The Winnipeg Light Infy 1951 "E" Coy,[lower-alpha 3] The Royal Winnipeg Rifles "F" Coy,[lower-alpha 3] The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 1951 Absorbed by 1st Canadian Rifle Bn 1952 Absorbed by 2nd Canadian Rifle Bn 1955 The Royal Winnipeg Rifles 1969 Perpetuates 44th Bn 1999 Perpetuates 27th Bn

Perpetuations

North-West Rebellion

• 91st "Winnipeg" Battalion of Light Infantry of 1885–1888

The Great War

• 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF
• 10th Battalion (Canadians), CEF
• 27th Battalion (City of Winnipeg), CEF
• 44th Battalion (Manitoba), CEF
• 61st Battalion (Winnipeg), CEF
• 90th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF
• 101st Battalion (Winnipeg Light Infantry), CEF
• 144th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF
• 190th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF
• 203rd Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF
• 222nd Battalion, CEF
• 226th Battalion (Men of the North), CEF^[1]

History

Early history

The 90th Winnipeg Battalion of Rifles were formed on 9 November 1883 under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Nassau Kennedy. Within two years of formation, the 90th battalion served in the 1885 North-West Rebellion, fighting at Fish Creek and Batoche.^[3] The regimental Latin motto is hosti acie nominati, which means “named by the enemy in battle”. After the Battle of Fish Creek, a captured Métis asked, "The red coats we know, but who are those little black devils?" – infantry of the line wore red tunics, but the Winnipeg soldiers were clad in rifle green, a shade dark enough to be mistaken for black. From that point on, the 90th Rifles (and later Royal Winnipeg Rifles) became informally nicknamed the "Little Black Devils".

Some former members of the 90th Rifles served in South Africa during the Second Boer War as members of other Canadian units, resulting in the award of the South Africa 1899–1900 battle honour.^[4]

The First World War

The regiment raised several battalions for the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, the most notable being the 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF, which served in the 2nd Infantry Brigade, 1st Canadian Division. The battalion saw some of the heaviest fighting in World War I, distinguishing itself at battles such as Ypres, the Somme, Vimy, Passchendaele, Amiens, Arras and Cambrai.^[3]

Three members of the 8th battalion were awarded Canada's highest honour for gallantry in the face of the enemy, the Victoria Cross.^[3]

• 
  The distinguishing patch of the 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF.

1920s-1930s

In the 1920 reorganization of the Canadian Militia following the report of the Otter Committee, the regiment's former designation as 90th Regiment was dropped and became known as The Winnipeg Rifles. In 1935 the unit was awarded the prefix 'Royal' for its distinguished service to King George V, and the current designation of The Royal Winnipeg Rifles (R Wpg Rif) was adopted.^[3]

The Second World War

In World War II the regiment landed in England in September 1940. As part of the 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, the Rifles were in the first wave of landings on D Day, 6 June 1944. The Royal Winnipeg Rifles fought throughout the Normandy campaign, fighting in famous battles such as Caen and the Falaise Gap. After helping liberate several of the Channel Ports, the regiment fought to clear the Scheldt Estuary to allow the re-opening of the Antwerp harbour. After helping to liberate the Netherlands, the regiment ended the war preparing to assault the northern German town of Aurich.^[3]

Three battalions of the regiment served during the Second World War. The 1st Battalion served in the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, the 2nd Battalion was a reserve unit that remained on part-time duty in Winnipeg, and a 3rd Battalion served in the Canadian Army Occupation Force.

The 1st Battalion were among the first Allied troops to land on the Normandy beaches on D-Day. They served throughout the Northwest Europe campaign, including the Battle of the Scheldt, the Rhineland, and the final battles across the Rhine, before returning to Canada in 1945. The 3rd Battalion was raised in 1945 and remained in Germany until 1946.

• 
  LCA (Landing Craft Assault) containing Winnipeg Rifles head for the Normandy Juno beach - June 6, 1944. Most are wearing Mk III helmets.
• 
  Royal Winnipeg Rifles, during Operation Spring, France, 25 July 1944.
• 
  Troops of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles near Ifs, Calvados, France, 25 July 1944.

Post-WWII to the Present

In 1950 the regiment helped the civil authority during the Winnipeg flood during Operation Red Ramp. During 1951–53, they provided men to the 1st Canadian Rifle Battalion for NATO duty with 27th Canadian Infantry Brigade in Germany. Members of the regiment also served with other units during the Korean War. In 1955, The Winnipeg Light Infantry amalgamated with The Royal Winnipeg Rifles bringing together the histories and traditions of two military units with no change in designation.^[3][5][6]

On 6 June 1964, a commemorative D-Day monument was erected on the beaches at Courseulles-sur-Mer. In 1978 Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales, became the Colonel-in-Chief of the regiment. Subsequently, a contingent of Rifles attended the wedding of Prince Charles to Lady Diana Spencer on 29 July 1981.^[3]

In 1983 The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, celebrated a one hundred years of military service to Canada with numerous events and an official postage stamp.^[3]

The regiment contributed numerous soldiers to overseas deployments in the Balkans and to Canadian operations in Afghanistan.^[3]

In 2009, the Royal Winnipeg Rifles and the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders (both stationed at Minto Armoury) merged into the Winnipeg Infantry Tactical Group (Wpg Inf Tac Grp, or WITG). Both infantry regiments retained a large majority of their traditions but had a mixed and fully cooperative chain of command with only one commanding officer (CO) for both units. In 2018, the units were disaggregated, now with two separate chains of command and with different roles. The new main role for the Royal Winnipeg Rifles is maintaining the Arctic Response Company Group.

Structure

• Leadership and appointments^[7]
  • Colonel-in-Chief: Charles III
  • Honorary Colonel: Emőke Szathmáry
  • Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel: Abdo El Tassi
  • Commanding Officer: Lieutenant-Colonel Piotr Sliwowski
  • Regimental Sergeant Major: Chief Warrant Officer Joel Alo
  • Band Sergeant Major: Master Warrant Officer Emily Kenny
• Battalion structure^[7]
  • Alpha Company
  • Regimental Band
  • Ceremonial Detachment (The Skirmishers and The Pioneers)
  • Sub-Units

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Band

The Regimental Band is as old as the Regiment, dating back to 1883, making it the oldest concert band in Winnipeg. In 1885, members of the band accompanied the Regiment to the Northwest Rebellion. At first consisting only of buglers and drummers, the band has developed into a professional brass and reed concert band, capable of supporting vocals and a multitude of styles and genres in its repertoire, while maintaining its traditions with a bugle line. Bugles, by tradition and practical use, are closely associated with Rifle Regiments; in garrison and on the battlefield, orders were relayed by buglers. Today the Band continues to entertain the people of Manitoba and assist in the esprit de corps of the Regiment.^[8] Bands of the perpetuated regiments date back to when the 106th Winnipeg Light Infantry Band was organized. During the First World War, bandmaster Thomas William James took the band to England where it would merge with the 10th Battalion Band to become the first Canadian band to serve on French soil.^[9]

• 
  The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Band during a Remembrance Day ceremony at Minto Armoury, 11 November 2018.
• 
  Bugle Band of 144th Battalion, CEF

Traditions

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles follow the traditions of rifle regiments throughout the Commonwealth. Thus they do not have a stand of regimental colours, and they march at the traditional rate of 140 paces a minute instead of the CF standard 120. Rifles are usually carried "at the trail". Battle honours are borne on the cap badge and drums. The regimental badge depicts a devil carrying a trident and in imitation of a rifleman's role on the battlefield, he is depicted as running. As is also traditional in rifle regiments for reasons of concealment, buttons and badges are "blackened" or darkened and are not polished.

The rank designation of a trained private (one chevron) of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles is "Rifleman."

The regimental band's drums are emblazoned with the unit's battle honours. The regimental pioneers form the escort to the colours when on parade. The pioneers wear leather aprons and carry special tools and weapons: axes or hatchets, picks, and halberds. Along with the pioneers there are also skirmishers who wear the traditional uniform of a 90th Battalion rifleman circa 1885. The skirmishers often appear in ceremonies and memorials such as Remembrance Day and events.

The regimental march of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles is "Pork, Beans and Hard Tack (Old Solomon Levi)" and the double quick march is "The Keel Row."

Alliances

•  United Kingdom — The Rifles

Battle honours

In the list below, battle honours in small capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. The battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the cap badge.

North West Rebellion

• Fish Creek
• Batoche
• North West Canada, 1885

South African War

• South Africa, 1899–1900

First World War

• Ypres, 1915, '17
• Gravenstafel
• St. Julien
• Festubert, 1915
• Mount Sorrel
• Somme, 1916, '18
• Flers–Courcelette
• Thiepval
• Ancre Heights
• Ancre, 1916
• Arras, 1917, '18
• Vimy, 1917
• Arleux
• Hill 70
• Passchendaele
• Amiens
• Scarpe, 1917, '18
• Drocourt–Quéant
• Hindenburg Line
• Canal du Nord
• Cambrai, 1918
• Valenciennes
• France and Flanders, 1915–18

Second World War

• Normandy Landing
• Putot-en-Bessin
• Caen
• Carpiquet
• The Orne
• Bourguébus Ridge
• Falaise
• The Laison
• The Seine, 1944
• Calais, 1944
• The Scheldt
• Leopold Canal
• Breskens Pocket
• The Rhineland
• Waal Flats
• Moyland Wood
• The Rhine
• Emmerich–Hoch Elten
• Deventer
• North-West Europe, 1944–1945

War in Afghanistan

• Afghanistan^[10]

Recognition

On 10 November 1983 Canada Post issued 'The Royal Winnipeg Rifles, The Royal Canadian Dragoons as part of the Canadian Forces, Regiments, 1883–1983 series. The stamps were designed by Ralph Tibbles, based on a painting by William Southern. The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited.^[11]

Royal Canadian Army Cadets

The RWR has an army cadet corps of the same name, Royal Winnipeg Rifles Cadet Corps, formed in 1947. The cadet corps is based at Minto Armoury in Winnipeg.

Notable Members

• Lieutenant Colonel William Nassau Kennedy
• Lieutenant Hugh John Macdonald PC
• Major Frank Fane MC ED
• Captain Frank Mackenzie Ross CMG MC OD
• Lieutenant Colonel Jeff Nicklin OBE
• Major Clifford Chadderton CC OOnt
• Pilot Officer Art Grant
• Warrant Officer Robert Falcon Ouellette
• Lieutenant Gordon A. Smith CM RCA
• Acting Commissioner Zachary Taylor Wood

Victoria Cross holders

• Alexander Picton Brereton
• Frederick George Coppins
• Frederick William Hall
• Andrew Mynarski

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Museum and Archives

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Museum and Archives

Location	Minto Armoury, 969 St. Matthews Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Type	Military Museum

The museum preserves the history of The Royal Winnipeg Rifles through the collection, conservation and display of artefacts and archives commencing with the Red River Expedition of 1870 to the present. It provides a source of training in the regiment's history for all members of the regiment and the public, fostering an interest, knowledge and sense of pride in the regiment's activities and accomplishments. It also maintains a current record of all regimental memorials and monuments in Canada and elsewhere.^[12] The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN and Virtual Museum of Canada.

Media

• Named by the Enemy: A History of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles by Brian A. Reid (Jan 31 2010)
• Little Black Devils: A History of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles by Bruce; Wells, Eric Tascona (1983)

See also

• Canada portal

• The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces
• 38 Canadian Brigade Group Website (ref: Royal Winnipeg Rifles) Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine

Order of precedence

Preceded by The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own)

The Royal Winnipeg Rifles

Succeeded by The Essex and Kent Scottish

Notes

1. Mobilized for active service
2. Reserve order of battle
3. Regular Force

References

1. "The Royal Winnipeg Rifles". Official Lineages Volume 3, Part 2: Infantry Regiments. Directorate of History and Heritage. 9 November 2004. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
2. "The Royal Winnipeg Rifles". www.canada.ca. 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
3. "Royal Winnipeg Rifles". Army.gc.ca. 2012-07-20. Archived from the original on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
4. "38 Canadian Brigade Group website". Archived from the original on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
5. "www.canadiansoldiers.com". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
6. "www.canadiansoldiers.com". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
7. "The Royal Winnipeg Rifles - the Royal Winnipeg Rifles Battalion".
8. "The Royal Winnipeg Rifles - the Royal Winnipeg Rifles Band".
9. "Music Bands | the Canadian Encyclopedia".
10. "South-West Asia Theatre Honours". Office of the Prime Minister of Canada. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
11. Canada Post stamp
12. A-AD-266-000/AG-001 Canadian Forces Museums –Operations and Administration 2002-04-03

External links

• Official website
• The Royal Winnipeg Rifles site (unofficial)
• The Royal Winnipeg Rifles (Army.ca)
• The Royal Winnipeg Rifles Museum and Archives

49.8907°N 97.1788°W / 49.8907; -97.1788