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Under the original 2009 Renewable Energy Directive Ireland had set a target of producing 16% of all its energy needs from renewable energy sources by 2020 but that has been updated by a second Renewable Energy Directive whose targets are 32% by 2030. Between 2005 and 2014 the percentage of energy from renewable energy sources grew from just 3.1% to 8.6% of total final consumption. By 2020 the overall renewable energy share was 13.5%, short of its Renewable Energy Drive target of 16%.[1] Renewable electricity accounted for 69% of all renewable energy used in 2020, up from two thirds (66.8%) in 2019.[1]
The country has a large and growing installed wind power capacity at 4,405 MW by the end of 2021 producing 31% of all its electricity needs in that year.[2] By February 2024, there was 1GW of solar PV capacity connected to the grid.[3] By April 2024, the grid had 1GW of storage capacity with almost 750MW of that capacity in the form of battery storage[4] the rest supplied by Turlough Hill.
Projected total gross final energy consumption by sector in 2020.
According to the Irish National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP),[5] as submitted by all member states as part of the EU Renewable Energy Directive, in 2020 the gross final energy consumption in Ireland by sector is projected to break down as follows:
| *Projected energy use by sector in 2020[5] | ktoe | RE 2020 target |
|---|---|---|
| Heating and cooling | 4,931 | 12.0% |
| Electricity | 2,813 | 42.5% |
| Transport | 5,747 | 10.0% |
| Gross final energy consumption* | 14,142 | 16.0% |
*All figures calculated as per Directive 2009/28/EC
In 2020 the transport sector is expected to comprise 42.6% of final energy consumption. The heating and cooling sector (also known as the thermal sector) includes domestic heating and air conditioning and industrial heat processes is expected to account for 36.6% of final energy consumption The electricity sector is projected to account for 20.9% of consumption.
Total annual energy consumption (after adjustments) is projected to be 14,142 ktoe (14.142 million tonnes of oil equivalent) by 2020. To meet Ireland's overall target of16% use of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption by 2020 (it was just 3.1% in 2005) targets have been set for each sector. By 2020 renewable energy use is targeted to be 12% in the heating and cooling sector, 42.5% in the electricity sector and 10% in the transport sector.
| Year | Cumulative Capacity (in MW) |
|---|---|
| 2008 | |
| 2009 | |
| 2010 | |
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| 2022 | |
| 2023 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,027 | 1,260 | 1,392 | 1,631 | 1,749 | 2,037 | 2,262 | 2,486 | 2,830 | 3,127 | 3,564 | 4,155 | 4,351 | 4,405 | 4,685 | 4,802 |
Wind power has been growing steadily in the Republic of Ireland by around 200 MW per year rising from 1,027 MW in 2008 to 4,351 MW by year end 2020. The grids of the Republic and Northern Ireland are integrated, and the combined wind power capacity is 5,030 MW.[15] During the year 2020 wind power provided 36.3% of the country's electricity[16][17] On 5 February 2022 at 17:45, an all-time record was broken in Ireland, with wind generating 3,603 MW.[18]
As of 2022 almost all wind power generation in Ireland is onshore. However, the Irish government plans to have 5 GW of offshore wind capacity built by 2030, with a goal of 35 GW by 2050.[19]
| Year | Cumulative Capacity (in MW) |
|---|---|
| 2008 | |
| 2009 | |
| 2010 | |
| 2011 | |
| 2012 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2015 | |
| 2016 | |
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| 2023 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 15.7 | 29.0 | 36.0 | 89.9 | 92.4 | 187.9 | 445.2 |
Solar PV installed capacity in Ireland is amongst the lowest in Europe, it was just over 2MW in 2015. In the same year the corresponding figure for the United Kingdom was 8,915 MW[27] and for Denmark 790 MW.[28] In 2015 the country had the lowest capacity per inhabitant of all EU countries, only Latvia had a lower absolute capacity.[29] By 2023, installed solar capacity had risen to 445.2 MW, the fourth lowest level in the EU. Predictions for future growth in installed capacity varied widely from 500 MW by 2021 to 3,700 MW by 2030 with government support.[30]
| Electricity sector Gwh/ ktoe | Heating and cooling sector ktoe | |
|---|---|---|
| Solid biomass | 330/28 | 222 |
| Biogas | 206/18 | 8.1 |
| Total | 536/46 | 230.1 |
*Converted using IEA unit converter.
Solid biomass was used mostly in the heating and cooling sector providing 222 ktoe of energy, it was also used to generate some electricity at 28 ktoe of energy. Biogas was used mostly in the production of electricity contributing 18 ktoe.
| 2013 | 2014 | |
|---|---|---|
| Bioethanol/ bio-ETBE | 29 | 27 |
| Of which Biofuels | _ | _ |
| Of which imported | 29 | 24 |
| Biodiesel | 74 | 90 |
| Of which Biofuels | 73 | 77 |
| Of which imported | 50 | 67 |
In 2014 Biodiesel provided 90 ktoe to the transport sector whilst Bioethanol/Bio-ETBE provided 27 ktoe.
| 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RES- Heating and Cooling (%) | 3.50% | 4.30% | 4.90% | 6.10% | 6.90% | 7.70% | 8.90% | 9.70% | 10.10% | 10.50% | 11.20% | 12.00% |
| RES-Electricity(%) | 6.90% | 20.40% | 24.60% | 25.30% | 30.50% | 31.00% | 32.40% | 32.20% | 33.80% | 37.50% | 37.30% | 42.50% |
| RES-Transport(%) | 0.00% | 3.00% | 3.90% | 4.60% | 5.10% | 5.50% | 5.90% | 6.60% | 7.40% | 8.10% | 8.80% | 10.00% |
| Overall RES(%) | 3.10% | 6.60% | 8.10% | 9.00% | 10.50% | 11.00% | 11.80% | 12.20% | 12.90% | 14.00% | 14.40% | 16.00% |
Overall renewable energy sources show a target trajectory of 6.6% share in 2010 rising to 14% by 2020. The electricity sector shows the most ambitious trajectory with a rise from 6.9% of total supply in 2005 to 42.5% by 2020.
| 2013 | 2014 | |
|---|---|---|
| RES- Heating and Cooling (%) | 5.50% | 6.60% |
| RES- Electricity (%) | 20.80% | 22.70% |
| RES- Transport (%) | 4.90% | 5.20% |
| Overall RES share (%) | 7.60% | 8.60% |
According to Ireland's third progress report, by 2014 the country had achieved an 8.6% share of overall energy use from renewable energy sources. This was below the targeted 11% share planned for that year. Renewable energy use in the electricity sector was the furthest from its target of just over 8 percentage points below its target for the year.
In 2020 Ireland reached its renewable electricity target averaging at 40% renewable through the year (mostly from wind).[16] Heating and cooling and transport targets were not reached.
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