Rear-engine design

In automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the engine at the rear of the vehicle. The center of gravity of the engine itself is behind the rear axle. This is not to be confused with the center of gravity of the whole vehicle, as an imbalance of such proportions would make it impossible to keep the front wheels on the ground.

Rear-engine position / Rear-wheel drive

Rear-engined vehicles almost always have a rear-wheel drive car layout, but some are four wheel drive. This layout has the following features:

• Packaging: since there is no need for a transmission tunnel, the floor can be flat.^[1]
• Rear traction: having the engine located over the driven wheels increases downward pressure, which is helpful for grip on loose surfaces, although can be prone to oversteer.^[2]
• Simplicity of manufacture: the engine is near the driven wheels, and the transmission can be merged with the differential to save space.

This layout was once popular in small, inexpensive cars and light commercial vehicles. Today most car makers have abandoned the layout although it does continue in some expensive cars,^[3] like the Porsche 911. It is also used in some racing car applications,^[4] low-floor buses, some Type-D school buses, and microcars such as the Smart Fortwo. Some electric cars feature both rear and front motors, to drive all four wheels.^[5]

Notable rear-engined cars

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Smart Fortwo's three-cylinder engine sits behind the rear axle.

• Benz Patent-Motorwagen
• BMW 600, 700, and i3
• Chevrolet Corvair^[6]
• Davrian
• DMC DeLorean
• Dune buggies such as the Meyers Manx
• Fiat 500, 600, 850, 126 and 133
• FMR Tg500
• Hillman Imp
• Hino Contessa
• Mercedes-Benz 130/150/170H
• Mitsubishi i and Mitsubishi i-MiEV
• NSU Prinz
• Porsche 356, 911 generations, and 959
• Puma (car manufacturer)
• Renault 4CV, Dauphine, Floride, Caravelle, R8, R10 and the 3rd generation Twingo
• Renault Alpine A106, A108, A110, A310 and GTA/A610
• SEAT 600, 850 and 133
• Simca 1000
• Škoda 1000/1100MB, MBX, 100/110, 110R, 105/120/130/135, Škoda Garde/Rapid
• Smart Fortwo, Roadster and 2nd generation Smart Forfour
• Stout Scarab
• Subaru 360, Subaru R-2, 1st generation Subaru Rex
• Suzuki Fronte 360, Fronte 71 and 72, Fronte Coupé, Fronte LC20, Fronte 7-S / SS10 / SS20 and Cervo SS20/SC100
• Tata Nano, Tata Pixel and Tata Magic Iris
• Tatra 77, 87, 97, 600, 603, 613, 700
• Tucker 48 'Torpedo'
• Volkswagen Type 62 and Type 82 Kübelwagen, Kommandeurswagen, and Schwimmwagen
• Volkswagen Beetle, type 3 'pontoon', Karmann Ghia and type 4 (411/412), as well as the VW Microbus / Transporter and type 181 'Thing'
• ZAZ Zaporozhets series.

See also

• Front-engine design
• Mid-engine design

References

1. "1965 Chevrolet Corvair". Retrieved 16 March 2019.
2. "What Is Rear Engine Layout And Know How Is It Beneficial?". Retrieved 16 March 2019.
3. Threewitt, Cherise. "10 Affordable Rear Engine Cars". Retrieved 16 March 2019.
4. Wong, J. Y. (2008). Theory of Ground Vehicles. Hoboken NJ: Wiley. p. 560. ISBN 0-471-35461-9.
5. Adams, Eric. "The Secrets of Electric Cars and Their Motors: It's Not All About the Battery, Folks". Retrieved 16 March 2019.
6. Golseth, Andrew. "Why Is The Chevrolet Corvair Such An Overlooked Classic?". Retrieved 16 March 2019.