Ramon Novarro

In this article, the surname is Samaniego.

Ramón Gil Samaniego^[1] (February 6, 1899 – October 30, 1968), known professionally as Ramon Novarro, was a Mexican actor. He began his career in American silent films in 1917 and eventually became a leading man and one of the top box-office attractions of the 1920s and early 1930s. Novarro was promoted by MGM as a "Latin lover" and became known as a sex symbol after the death of Rudolph Valentino. He is recognized as the first Latin American actor to succeed in Hollywood.

Ramon Novarro
Novarro, c. 1934
Born	Ramón Gil Samaniego (1899-02-06)February 6, 1899 Durango City, Durango, Mexico
Died	October 30, 1968(1968-10-30) (aged 69) North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California
Cause of death	Asphyxiation (murdered)
Resting place	Calvary Cemetery
Other names	Ramon Samaniego Ramón Samaniego Ramon Samaniegos
Years active	1917–1968
Relatives	Dolores del Río (cousin) Andrea Palma (cousin) Julio Bracho (cousin)
Awards	Hollywood Walk of Fame (Motion Picture)

Early life

Novarro was born Ramón Gil Samaniego on February 6, 1899, in Durango City, Durango, north-west Mexico, to Dr. Mariano N. Samaniego, and his wife, Leonor Pérez Gavilán.^[1] The family moved to Los Angeles to escape the Mexican Revolution in 1913.^[2] Novarro's direct ancestors came from the Castilian town of Burgos, whence two brothers emigrated to the New World in the seventeenth century.^[1]

Allan Ellenberger, Novarro's biographer, writes:

The Samaniegos were an influential and well-respected family in Mexico. Many Samaniegos had prominent positions in the affairs of state and were held in high esteem by the president. Ramon's grandfather, Mariano Samaniego, was a well-known physician in Juarez. Known as a charitable and outgoing man, he was once an interim governor for the State of Chihuahua and was the first city councilman of El Paso, Texas.... Ramon's father, Dr. Mariano N. Samaniego, was born in Juarez and attended high school in Las Cruces, New Mexico. After receiving his degree in dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania, he moved to Durango, Mexico, and began a flourishing dental practice. In 1891 he married Leonor Pérez-Gavilán, the beautiful daughter of a prosperous landowner. The Pérez-Gaviláns were a mixture of Spanish and Aztec blood, and according to local legend, they were descended from Guerrero, a prince of Montezuma.^[3]

The family estate was called the "Garden of Eden". Thirteen children were born there: Emilio; Guadalupe; Rosa; Ramón; Leonor; Mariano; Luz; Antonio; José; a stillborn child; Carmen; Ángel and Eduardo.^[3] At the time of the Mexican Revolution, the family moved from Durango to Mexico City and then returned to Durango. Three of Ramón's sisters, Guadalupe, Rosa, and Leonor, became nuns.^[4] He was a second cousin of the Mexican actresses Dolores del Río^[5] and Andrea Palma.

Career

Silent films

Novarro with Joan Crawford in Across to Singapore (1928)

Novarro began his film career in 1917, playing bit parts, supplementing his income by working as a singing waiter, a taxi dancer and as a dancer in revues choreographed by Ernest Belcher (father of Marge Champion). His friends, actor and director Rex Ingram and his wife, actress Alice Terry, began to promote him as a rival to Rudolph Valentino, and Ingram suggested he change his name to "Novarro".^[6] From 1923, he began to play more prominent roles. His role in Scaramouche (1923) brought him his first major success.

Novarro achieved his greatest success in 1925, in Ben-Hur. His revealing costumes caused a sensation. He was elevated into the Hollywood elite.^[7] As did many stars, Novarro engaged Sylvia of Hollywood as a physical therapist (although in her tell-all book, Sylvia erroneously claimed that Novarro slept in a coffin).^[8] With Valentino's death in 1926, Novarro became the screen's leading Latin actor, though ranked lower than his MGM contemporary John Gilbert as a leading man. Novarro was popular as a swashbuckler in action roles, and considered one of the great romantic lead actors of his day. He appeared with Norma Shearer in The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927) and with Joan Crawford in Across to Singapore (1928).

Talking films

Novarro with Greta Garbo in Mata Hari (1931)

He made his first talking film, starring as a singing French soldier, in Devil-May-Care (1929). He starred with Dorothy Janis in The Pagan (1929), with Greta Garbo in Mata Hari (1931), with Myrna Loy in The Barbarian (1933) and opposite Lupe Vélez in Laughing Boy (1934).

When his contract with MGM Studios expired in 1935 and the studio did not renew it, Novarro continued to act sporadically, appearing in films for Republic Pictures, a Mexican religious drama, and a French comedy. In the 1940s, he had several small roles in American films, including We Were Strangers (1949), directed by John Huston and starring Jennifer Jones and John Garfield. In 1958, he was considered for a role in the television series The Green Peacock, with Howard Duff and Ida Lupino, after their CBS Television sitcom Mr. Adams and Eve (1957–58). The project, however, never materialized. A Broadway tryout was aborted in the 1960s. Novarro kept busy on television, appearing in NBC's The High Chaparral as late as 1968.

At the peak of his success in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Novarro was earning more than US$100,000 per film. He invested some of his income in real estate, and his Hollywood Hills residence is one of the more renowned designs (1927) by Lloyd Wright, the son of Frank Lloyd Wright.^[9] When his career ended, he was still able to maintain a comfortable lifestyle.

Personal life

Novarro with Lupe Vélez in Laughing Boy (1934)

In 1925, Novarro purchased a home in "the exclusive West Adams district" of Los Angeles for $12,000 and spent an additional $100,000 on renovations.^[10][11]

Novarro was troubled all his life by his conflicted feelings toward his Roman Catholic faith and his homosexuality.^[12] His life-long struggle with alcoholism is often traced to these problems.^[13][14][15] In the early 1920s Novarro had a romantic relationship with composer Harry Partch, who was working as an usher at the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the time, but Novarro broke off the affair as he achieved greater success as an actor.^[16][17] He was romantically involved with Hollywood journalist Herbert Howe, who was also his publicist in the late 1920s,^[18] and with a wealthy philanthropist and arts patron from San Francisco, Noël Sullivan.^[19]

Along with Dolores del Río, Lupe Vélez and James Cagney, Novarro was accused of promoting communism in California after they attended a special screening of the film ¡Que viva México! by Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein.^{[citation needed]}

Murder

Novarro was murdered on October 30, 1968, by brothers Paul and Tom Ferguson, aged 22 and 17, who called him and offered their sexual services. In the past, he had hired prostitutes from an agency to come to his Laurel Canyon home for sex, and the Fergusons obtained Novarro's telephone number from a previous guest.^[20][21][22]

According to the prosecution in the murder case, the two young men believed that a large sum of money was hidden in Novarro's house. The prosecution accused the brothers of torturing Novarro for several hours to force him to reveal where the (non-existent) money was hidden. They left the house with $20 they took from his bathrobe pocket. Novarro died as a result of asphyxiation, having choked to death on his own blood after being beaten.^[23] The two perpetrators were caught and sentenced to long prison terms, but released on parole in the mid-1970s. Both were later re-arrested for unrelated crimes for which they served longer prison terms than for the murder of Novarro.^[24] In a 1998 interview, Paul Ferguson finally assumed the blame for Novarro's death.^[25] Tom Ferguson died of suicide on March 6, 2005. Paul Ferguson was beat to death in prison by a fellow inmate in 2018, while serving out a 60-year sentence for rape in Missouri.^[26][27][28]

Novarro is buried in Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles, California.^[29]

Novarro's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is at 6350 Hollywood Boulevard.

In popular culture

Image of Ramón Novarro.

• In a 1961 episode of the "Car 54, Where Are You?" TV show, Bonnie Kalsheim (guest-star Alice Ghostley) reveals that she was "ruined" by Ramon Novarro. When pressed for details, she admits that her adoration of the star's screen presence had made every other man distastefully unsuitable to her as a potential love match.
• Novarro's murder served as the basis for the short story by Charles Bukowski titled "The Murder of Ramon Vasquez", as well as for the song "Tango," by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, recorded by Peggy Lee on her Mirrors album.
• Novarro's murder is one of the events in 1960s-California mentioned in Joan Didion's essay "The White Album", included in the 1979 book of the same name.
• Greek playwright Pavlos Matesis wrote a play in two parts titled The Ghost of Mr. Ramon Novarro, which was first staged at the National Theatre of Greece in 1973.^[30]
• Novarro's murder is briefly referenced in the sixth season The Sopranos episode "Cold Stones", following the violent murder of a closeted homosexual character.
• In late 2005, the Wings Theatre in New York City staged the world premiere of Through a Naked Lens by George Barthel. The play combined fact and fiction to depict Novarro's rise to fame and his relationship with Hollywood journalist Herbert Howe.
• Novarro's relationship with Howe is discussed in two biographies: Allan R. Ellenberger's Ramón Novarro and André Soares's Beyond Paradise: The Life of Ramón Novarro.
• In 2015, the murder of Ramon Novarro was covered in the television series Aquarius in the episode "Cease to Resist".
• in the 2016 Hangar 13 videogame Mafia III, a news report on Ramon Novarro's murder can be heard on the car radio. The news anchor reports that he was "bludgeoned to death by unknown assailants".

Filmography

Ramon Novarro by George Hurrell

Novarro in The Prisoner of Zenda (1922)

Novarro with Anna May Wong in Across to Singapore (1928).

Novarro in MGM publicity photo (1933)

Novarro portraying Catholic saint Juan Diego in The Saint Who Forged a Country (1942)

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1916	Joan the Woman	Starving Peasant	Uncredited
1917	The Jaguar's Claws	Bandit	Uncredited Lost film
	The Little American	Wounded Soldier	Uncredited
	The Hostage		Uncredited Lost film
	The Woman God Forgot	Aztec man	Uncredited
1918	The Goat		Uncredited Lost film
1921	A Small Town Idol	Dancer	as Ramón Samaniego
	The Concert	Dancing shepherd	Uncredited Lost film
	The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse	Guest at Ball (extra)	Uncredited
	Man-Woman-Marriage	Dancer	Uncredited Lost film
1922	Mr. Barnes of New York	Antonio	as Ramon Samaniego
	The Prisoner of Zenda	Rupert of Hentzau	as Ramon Samaniegos
	Trifling Women	Henri / Ivan de Maupin	Lost film
1923	Where the Pavement Ends	Motauri	Lost film
	Scaramouche	André-Louis Moreau, Quintin's Godson
1924	Thy Name Is Woman	Juan Ricardo
	The Arab	Jamil Abdullah Azam
	The Red Lily	Jean Leonnec
1925	A Lover's Oath	Ben Ali	Lost film, but A.M.P.A.S. has 25 feet of this film
	The Midshipman	Dick Randall
	Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ	Judah Ben-Hur
1927	Lovers	José	Lost film
	The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg	Crown Prince Karl Heinrich
	The Road to Romance	José Armando
1928	Across to Singapore	Joel Shore
	A Certain Young Man	Lord Gerald Brinsley	Lost film
	Forbidden Hours	His Majesty, Michael IV
1929	The Flying Fleet	Ens. / Ltjg Tommy Winslow
	The Pagan	Henry Shoesmith, Jr.
	Devil-May-Care	Armand de Treville
1930	In Gay Madrid	Ricardo
	The March of Time	Himself	Unfinished film
	Call of the Flesh	Juan de Dios
	Sevilla de mis amores	Juan de Dios Carbajal	Spanish version of Call of the Flesh
1931	Le chanteur de Séville	Juan	French version of Call of the Flesh
	Daybreak	Willi Kasder
	Son of India	Karim
	Mata Hari	Lt. Alexis Rosanoff
	Wir schalten um auf Hollywood	Himself
1932	Huddle	Antonio "Tony" Amatto
	The Son-Daughter	Tom Lee / Prince Chun
1933	The Barbarian	Jamil El Shehab
1934	The Cat and the Fiddle	Victor Florescu
	Laughing Boy	Laughing Boy
1935	The Night Is Young	Archduke Paul "Gustl" Gustave
1936	Against the Current	–	Director, writer
1937	The Sheik Steps Out	Ahmed Ben Nesib
1938	A Desperate Adventure	André Friezan	Alternative title: It Happened in Paris
1940	La Comédie du bonheur	Félix
	Ecco la felicità	Felice Ciatti	Italian version of La comédie du bonheur
1942	The Saint Who Forged a Country	Juan Diego
1949	We Were Strangers	Chief
	The Big Steal	Inspector General Ortega
1950	The Outriders	Don Antonio Chaves
	Crisis	Colonel Adragon
1960	Heller in Pink Tights	De Leon

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1958	Disney's Wonderful World	Don Esteban Miranda	2 episodes
1962	Thriller	Maestro Giuliano	Episode: "La Strega"
1964	Dr. Kildare	Gaspero Paolini	3 episodes
1964–1965	Combat!	Charles Gireaux Count De Roy	2 episodes "Silver Service" & "Finest Hour"
1965	Bonanza	Jose Ortega	Episode: "The Brass Box"
1967	The Wild Wild West	Don Tomas	Episode: "The Night of the Assassin"
1968	The High Chaparral	Padre Guillermo	Episode: "A Joyful Noise", (final appearance)

References

1. Soares, André (April 19, 2010). Beyond Paradise: The Life of Ramon Novarro. University Press of Mississippi. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-6047-3458-4. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
2. Meier, Matt S.; Gutiérrez, Margo (2003). The Mexican American Experience: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 284. ISBN 0-313-31643-0.
3. Ellenberger, Allan R. (2009). Ramon Novarro: A Biography of the Silent Film Idol, 1899–1968; with a Filmography. McFarland. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-0-7864-4676-6.
4. Ellenberger 2009, pp. 8–9
5. Monush, Barry (2003). Screen World Presents the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors: From the Silent Era to 1965. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-5578-3551-2.
6. "Novarro" is a misspelling for the Spanish surname "Navarro".
7. Rodriguez, Roberto (1996). "The early years – the portrayal of minorities in Hollywood film industry". Black Issues in Higher Education. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
8. Hollywood Undressed: Observations of Sylvia As Noted by Her Secretary. Brentano's. 1931. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
9. "Lloyd Wright (1890–1978)". ArchitechGallery.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2011.
10. Elenberger, Allan R. (July 11, 2015). Ramon Vovarro: A Biography. McFarland. p. 57. ISBN 9781476607825. Retrieved July 4, 2024. He purchased an old fashioned roomy house at 2265 W. 22nd Street in the exclusive West Adams District for $12,000. He spent $100,000 on the renovation, which took several months.
11. "Ramon Novarro". West Adams Heritage Association. Retrieved July 4, 2024. In 1925 Novarro purchased a house at 2265 West 22nd Street in West Adams for $12,000. He spent $100,000 on the renovation, adding a private wing with a suite of dressing rooms, servants' quarters, and his own theatre.
12. Ellenberger 2009, p. 148
13. Soares 2010, p. 245
14. Mann, William (2002). Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood. New York City: Penguin Books. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-14-200114-1.
15. "Ramon Navarro [sic]". Olvera-street.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved June 26, 2011.
16. Gilmore, Bob (1998). Harry Partch: A Biography. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06521-3.
17. Holliday, Peter J. "Novarro, Ramon (1899–1968)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
18. Slide, Anthony (February 26, 2010). Inside the Hollywood Fan Magazine. University Press of Mississippi. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-60473-413-3. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
19. "Finding Aid to the Noël Sullivan papers, [ca. 1911–1956], [ca. 1911–1956]" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
20. Rechy, John (August 24, 2003). "A star is killed: Hollywood's deadly secret". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
21. "Ramon Novarro Slain on Coast. Starred in Silent Film 'Ben-Hur'. Ramon Novarro, Silent Era Star, Slain". The New York Times. November 1, 1968. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2014. Ramon Novarro, the Mexican-born star of scores of Hollywood movies made in the nineteen-twenties and thirties, was found bludgeoned to death in his $125,000 Hollywood Hills home early this morning.
22. Maloney, J. J. O'Connor, Pat (ed.). "The Murder of Ramon Novarro". Crime Magazine. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
23. Ellenberger 2009, pp. 182, 187
24. Ellenberger 2009, p. 196
25. Ivey, Randall (July 21, 2010). "'Beyond Paradise: The Life of Ramon Navarro' by Andre Soares". Lambda Literary. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
26. "'Ramon Navarro Hustler's Murder in Hollywood". May 23, 2012. Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
27. "Was Ramon Novarro's Murderer Posting on IMDb from Prison?". High Shrink. August 9, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
28. NOW, News-Press (February 21, 2020). "Inmate charged for beating fellow inmate to death". News-Press NOW. Retrieved October 17, 2024.
29. Wilson, Scott (August 14, 2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3rd ed.). McFarland. p. 374. ISBN 978-1-4766-2599-7.
30. "Archives of the Greek National Theatre". NT Archiver (in Greek). Εθνικό Θέατρο. 2008–2011. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2019.

Bibliography

• Ramírez, Gabriel (1989). Crónica del cine mudo mexicano. México: Cineteca Nacional. ISBN 968-805-416-X.
• Orozco, Federico (1996). Albores del cine mexicano. Editorial Clío. ISBN 968-6932-45-3.
• Ellenberger, Allan R. (1999). Ramon Novarro: A Biography of the Silent Film Idol, 1899–1968, with a Filmography. New York: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-533-13396-3.
• Soares, André (1999). Beyond Paradise: A Biography of Ramón Novarro. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-60473-457-7.

External links

• Ramon Novarro at IMDb
• Ramon Novarro at the TCM Movie Database
• Ramon Novarro at the Internet Broadway Database
• Ramón Novarro Photo Gallery
• Photographs of Ramon Novarro
• Ramon Novarro at Find a Grave
• Portraits of Ramon Novarro at the National Portrait Gallery, London