Ractopamine
Animal feed additive / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ractopamine (/rækˈtɒpəmaɪn, -miːn/) is an animal feed additive used to promote leanness and increase food conversion efficiency in farmed animals in several countries, but banned in others. Pharmacologically, it is a phenol-based TAAR1 agonist and β adrenoreceptor agonist that stimulates β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors.[1][2] It is most commonly administered to animals for meat production as ractopamine hydrochloride.[3] It is the active ingredient in products marketed in the US as Paylean for swine, Optaflexx for cattle, and Topmax[4] for turkeys.[5] It was developed by Elanco Animal Health, a former division of Eli Lilly and Company.
This article needs to be updated. (June 2021) |
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
4-(1-Hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol | |
Identifiers | |
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MeSH | Ractopamine |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
C18H23NO3 | |
Molar mass | 301.386 g·mol−1 |
4100 mg/L | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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As of 2014, the use of ractopamine was banned in 160 countries,[6] including the European Union, China and Russia,[7][8] while 27 other countries, such as Japan, the United States, South Korea, and New Zealand have deemed meat from livestock fed ractopamine safe for human consumption.[9][10][11]
Commercial ractopamine is a mixture of all four possible stereoisomers.[12] It is also a positional isomer of dobutamine, a related drug.