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Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pyridoxine, is a form of vitamin B6 found commonly in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects or complications of isoniazid use, and certain types of mushroom poisoning.[4] It is used by mouth or by injection.[4]
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![]() Pyridoxine | |
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Other names | vitamin B6, pyridoxol[1] pyridoxine hydrochloride |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous |
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Elimination half-life | several weeks (see #Metabolism for details) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.548 |
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Formula | C8H11NO3 |
Molar mass | 169.180 g·mol−1 |
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Melting point | 159 to 162 °C (318 to 324 °F) |
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It is usually well tolerated.[4] Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness.[4] Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[4] Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins.[4] It is required by the body to metabolise amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.[4] Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain.[5]
As a treatment (oral or injection), it is used to treat or prevent pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, certain metabolic disorders, side effects of isoniazid treatment and certain types of mushroom poisoning.[4] Isoniazid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Common side effect include numbness in the hands and feet.[6] Co-treatment with vitamin B6 alleviates the numbness.[7] Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of rare infant epilepsy that does not improve with typical anti-seizure medications.[8]
Pyridoxine in combination with doxylamine is used as a treatment for morning sickness in pregnant women.[9]
It is usually well tolerated, though overdose toxicity is possible.[4] Occasionally side effects include headache, numbness, and sleepiness.[4] Pyridoxine overdose can cause a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by poor coordination, numbness, and decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration.[10] Healthy human blood levels of pyridoxine are 2.1–21.7 ng/mL. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[4]
Pyridoxine is in the vitamin B family of vitamins.[4] It is required by the body to make amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.[4] Sources in the diet include fruit, vegetables, and grain.[5] It is also required for muscle phosphorylase activity associated with glycogen metabolism.
The half-life of pyridoxine varies according to different sources: one source suggests that the half-life of pyridoxine is up to 20 days,[11] while another source indicates half-life of vitamin B6 is in range of 25 to 33 days.[12] After considering the different sources, it can be concluded that the half-life of pyridoxine is typically measured in several weeks.[11][12]
Pyridoxine was discovered in 1934, isolated in 1938, and first made in 1939.[13][14] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[15] Pyridoxine is available both as a generic medication and over the counter product.[4] Foods, such as breakfast cereal have pyridoxine added in some countries.[5]