Programming languages used in most popular websites

One thing the most visited websites have in common is that they are dynamic websites. Their development typically involves server-side coding, client-side coding and database technology. The programming languages applied to deliver such dynamic web content vary vastly between sites.

Programming languages used in most popular websites*

Websites	Popularity (unique visitors per month)[1]	Front-end (Client-side)	Back-end (Server-side)	Database	Notes
Google[2]	2,800,000,000	JavaScript, TypeScript	C, C++, Go,[3] Java, Python, Node	Bigtable,[4] MariaDB[5]	The most used search engine in the world.
Facebook	1,120,000,000	JavaScript, TypeScript, Flow	Hack/HHVM, Python, C++, Java, Erlang, D,[6] Haskell[7]	MariaDB, MySQL,[8] HBase, Cassandra[9]	The most visited social networking site.
YouTube	1,100,000,000	JavaScript, TypeScript	Python, C, C++, Java,[10] Go[11]	Vitess, BigTable, MariaDB[5]	The most popular video sharing site.
Yahoo	750,000,000	JavaScript	PHP	PostgreSQL, HBase, Cassandra, MongoDB,[12]
Etsy	516,000,000 (Total, not unique)[13]	JavaScript	PHP[14]	MySQL, Redis[15]	E-commerce website.
Amazon	2,400,000,000[16]	JavaScript	Java, C++, Perl[17]	DynamoDB, RDS/Aurora, Redshift[18]	The most used e-commerce site in the world.
Wikipedia	475,000,000	JavaScript	PHP	MariaDB[19]	A free online encyclopedia based on MediaWiki, which is programmed in PHP.
Fandom	315,000,000[20]	JavaScript	PHP	MySQL	Wiki hosting service.
X	290,000,000	JavaScript	C++, Java,[21] Scala,[22] Ruby (Ruby on Rails)	MySQL[23]	Popular social network.
Bing	285,000,000	JavaScript	C++, C#	Microsoft SQL Server, Cosmos DB	Search engine from Microsoft.
eBay	285,000,000	JavaScript	Java,[24] JavaScript,[25] Scala[26]	Oracle Database	Online auction house.
MSN	280,000,000	JavaScript	C# (ASP.NET)	Microsoft SQL Server	An email client, for simple use. Previously known as "messenger", not to be confused with Facebook's messaging platform.
LinkedIn	260,000,000	JavaScript	Java, JavaScript,[27] Scala	Venice[28][29]	World's largest professional network.
Pinterest	250,000,000	JavaScript	Python (Django),[30] Erlang, Elixir[31]	MySQL, Redis[32]	Search engine for ideas.
WordPress.com	240,000,000 [33]	JavaScript	PHP[34]	MariaDB[35]	Website manager software.
Netflix	223.090.000 (Subscribers, not visitors)	JavaScript	Python, Java[36]	NMDB,[37] PostgreSQL	The biggest video streaming service in the world.

*data on programming languages is based on:

• HTTP Header information
• Request for file types
• Citations from reliable sources

Back-end (Server-side) table in most popular websites

Websites	C#	C	C++	D	Elixir	Erlang	Go	Hack	Haskell	Java	JavaScript	Perl	PHP	Python	Ruby	Scala
Google	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No
Facebook	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
YouTube	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
Yahoo	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Etsy	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Amazon	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Wikipedia	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Fandom	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
X	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Bing	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
eBay	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
MSN	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
LinkedIn	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
Pinterest	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
WordPress.com	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Netflix	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No

See also

• Computer programming portal
• Internet portal

• Comparison of programming languages
• List of programming languages
• TIOBE index
• "Hello, World!" program

References

1. "Top 15 Most Popular Websites May 2018". eBiz. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
2. searchenginewatch.com - Google Hits the Billion Monthly Unique Visitors Mark
3. Rob Pike (2012). Go at Google. Presentation at the ACM conference on Systems, Programming, Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH).
4. "Google's Bigtable". Archived from the original on 16 June 2006.
5. "Google Waves Goodbye To MySQL In Favor Of MariaDB". readwrite.com. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
6. "Facebook is using D in production starting today". forum.dlang.org.
7. "Fighting spam with Haskell". Facebook Engineering. Facebook. 26 June 2015.
8. "MySQL and Database Engineering". Facebook.
9. "Cassandra – A structured storage system Developed By Facebook". Facebook.
10. "YouTube Architecture - High Scalability -". 12 March 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
11. "Golang Vitess: a database wrapper written in Go as used by Youtube". GitHub. 28 September 2022.
12. "World's Largest Database Running on Postgres". Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
13. Jennewine, Trevor (1 February 2021). "Where Will Etsy Be in 5 Years?". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
14. "Improving the Deployment Experience of a Ten-Year Old Application". Code as Craft. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
15. "How Etsy Prepared for Historic Volumes of Holiday Traffic in 2020". Code as Craft. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
16. Coppola, Daniela (14 July 2022). "Worldwide-visits-to-Amazon.com-December-2021-to-May-2022-(in billions)". www.statista.com. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
17. "Amazon Architecture". 18 September 2007.
18. "Amazon's consumer business ditches Oracle's databases". SiliconANGLE. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
19. "Wikipedia Adopts MariaDB". Wikimedia Foundation. 22 April 2013.
20. "Fandom Expands Its Revenue Business with the Launch of New Self-Serve…". Fandom. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
21. "Twitter and Java | go.Java | Oracle". go.java. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
22. Venners, Bill. "Twitter on Scala".
23. "How Twitter Stores 250 Million Tweets A Day Using MySQL". 19 December 2011.
24. "eBay Architecture". 27 May 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
25. "How We Built eBay's First Node.js Application". 17 May 2013.
26. "squbs". paypal.github.io.
27. "LinkedIn Moved From Rails To Node: 27 Servers Cut And Up To 20x Faster". 4 October 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
28. "project-voldemort mailing list post: 2018-08-16". Retrieved 6 October 2018.
29. "Venice Performance Optimization". Retrieved 11 April 2018.
30. "FAQ:General". Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
31. "Introducing new open-source tools for the Elixir community". Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
32. "How We Scaled Pinterest From Zero Users To A $2 Billion Valuation". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
33. N, G (27 December 2022). "WordPress Traffic Statistics Lookup". www.northsgate.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
34. "PHP Environment". WordPress.com Support. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
35. "WordPress.com PHP Environment". 26 February 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
36. "Netflix, Inc". GitHub. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
37. Blog, Netflix Technology (3 February 2019). "The Netflix Media Database (NMDB)". Medium. Retrieved 6 January 2023.