In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae , Carl Linnaeus described the Pisces as:[1]
Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides the parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure.
Linnaean Characteristics [1]
Heart : 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
Gills : external
Jaw : incumbent
Penis : (usually) none
Eggs : without whites
Organs of Sense : tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears
Covering : imbricate scales
Supports : fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.
The European eel was named Muraena angvilla in 1758.
Muraena (eels )
Gymnotus (electric knifefishes )
Trichiurus (cutlassfishes )
The seawolf was named Anarhichas lupus in 1758.
Anarhichas (wolffishes )
Ammodytes (sand eels )
Stromateus (butterfishes )
Stromateus fiatola – Blue Butterfish
Stromateus paru – American Harvestfish
Xiphias (swordfishes )
Callionymus (dragonets )
Uranoscopus (stargazers )
Trachinus (weevers )
The Atlantic cod was named Gadus morhua & Gadus callarias in 1758.
Gadus (cod & kin)
The butterfly blenny was named Blennius ocellaris in 1758.
Blennius (blennies )
Ophidion (cusk-eels )
Gobius
The black goby was named Gobius niger & Gobius jozo in 1758.
Gobius (Gobies )
Gobius niger & Gobius jozo – Black goby
Gobius paganellus – Rock goby
Gobius eleotris
Gobius aphya
Gobius pectinirostris – Blue-spotted mud hopper
Gobius anguillaris – Taenioides anguillaris
Cobitis (Loaches )
The walking catfish was named Silurus batrachus in 1758.
Silurus (Catfishes )
Loricaria (Suckermouth Catfishes )
The Atlantic salmon was named Salmo salar in 1758.
The brown trout was named Salmo eriox , Salmo trutta , Salmo fario & Salmo lacustris in 1758.
Salmo (Salmon , Trout , & kin)
Fistularia (Cornetfishes )
The longnose gar was named Esox osseus in 1758.
Esox (Pike , Gar , and kin)
Argentina (Herring smelts )
Atherina (Silversides )
Mugil (Mullet )
Exocoetus (Flying fishes )
Polynemus (Threadfins )
The European anchovy was named Clupea encrasicolus in 1758.
Clupea (Herring , Hatchetfishes , & kin)
The common carp was named Cyprinus carpio in 1758.
Cyprinus (Carp & kin)
The queen triggerfish was named Balistes vetula in 1758.
Mormyrus (Elephantfishes )
Balistes (Triggerfishes )
The yellow boxfish was named Ostracion tuberculatus & Ostracion cubicus in 1758.
Ostracion (Boxfishes & Cowfishes )
Tetraodon (Pufferfishes & Sunfishes )
The long-spine porcupinefish was named Diodon holocanthus in 1758.
Diodon (Porcupinefishes )
Centriscus (Shrimpfishes )
Centriscus scutatus – Grooved shrimpfish
Syngnathus (Pipefishes & Seahorses )
Pegasus (Seamoths )
Carl von Linné , translated by William Turton (1806). Volume 1 . A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.