Pioglitazone
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.[2] It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin.[2][3] Use is recommended together with exercise and diet.[3] It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes.[3] It is taken by mouth.[3]
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Trade names | Actos, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a699016 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Thiazolidinedione |
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Protein binding | >99% |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP2C8) |
Elimination half-life | 3–7 hours |
Excretion | Bile duct |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.114.441 |
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Formula | C19H20N2O3S |
Molar mass | 356.44 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
Melting point | 183 to 184 °C (361 to 363 °F) |
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Common side effects include headaches, muscle pains, inflammation of the throat, and swelling.[3] Serious side effects may include bladder cancer, low blood sugar, heart failure, and osteoporosis.[3][2] Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding.[2] It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin.[2]
Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999.[4] It is available as a generic medication.[2] In 2021, it was the 129th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[5][6] It was withdrawn in France and Germany in 2011.[7][8][9]