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Genus of fungi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Parmotrema is a genus of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae.[1] It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species,[2] with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands.[3]
Parmotrema | |
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Parmotrema hypotropum | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Ascomycota |
Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
Order: | Lecanorales |
Family: | Parmeliaceae |
Genus: | Parmotrema A.Massal. (1860) |
Type species | |
Parmotrema perforatum (Wulfen) A.Massal. (1860) | |
Synonyms | |
Members of the genus are commonly called ruffle lichens or scatter-rag lichens.[4]: 83
Parmotrema is characterized by its typically large, moderately to loosely-attached foliose thallus with broad lobes that are usually more than 5 mm wide. There is a broad, naked zone around the margin of the lower surface, an epicortex with pores and an upper cortex with a palisade-plectenchymatous arrangement of hyphae. Ascospores are thick-walled and ellipsoid.[5]
Parmotrema was proposed as a genus by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860, with Parmotrema perforatum as the type species.[6] The genus name, composed of the Greek parmos (cup) and trema (perforation), refers to the perforate apothecia. Parmotrema was largely ignored as a genus,[7] and its species were usually grouped in section Amphigymnia of the large genus Parmelia.[8] Several genera previously segregated from Parmotrema have since been folded back in owing to molecular phylogenetic evidence, including Canomaculina, Concamerella, Parmelaria, and Rimelia.[3][9]
Some species of Parmotrema can be used as a vegetable dye, such as P. crinitum. When mixed with pine sap or with water, or when first burnt to ash, lichens can provide a variety of colors such as yellow, brown, green, orange, purple, and red.[10]
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