P-bodies
Biomolecular condensates of mRNA and RNA binding proteins found in eukaryotic cells / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In cellular biology, P-bodies, or processing bodies, are distinct foci formed by phase separation within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell consisting of many enzymes involved in mRNA turnover.[1] P-bodies are highly conserved structures and have been observed in somatic cells originating from vertebrates and invertebrates, plants and yeast. To date, P-bodies have been demonstrated to play fundamental roles in general mRNA decay, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, adenylate-uridylate-rich element mediated mRNA decay, and microRNA (miRNA) induced mRNA silencing.[2] Not all mRNAs which enter P-bodies are degraded, as it has been demonstrated that some mRNAs can exit P-bodies and re-initiate translation.[3][4] Purification and sequencing of the mRNA from purified processing bodies showed that these mRNAs are largely translationally repressed upstream of translation initiation and are protected from 5' mRNA decay.[5]
P-bodies were originally proposed to be the sites of mRNA degradation in the cell and involved in decapping and digestion of mRNAs earmarked for destruction.[6][7] Later work called this into question suggesting P bodies store mRNA until needed for translation.[8][5][9]
In neurons, P-bodies are moved by motor proteins in response to stimulation. This is likely tied to local translation in dendrites.[10]