Oxyporus

Oxyporus is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Schizoporaceae. An individual family Oxyporaceae was described for the genus.^[3] A number of species in this genus are plant pathogens, causing a white rot. The genus is widely distributed.^[4]

Oxyporus
Oxyporus populinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Hymenochaetales
Family:	Schizoporaceae
Genus:	Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk (1933)[1]
Type species
Oxyporus populinus (Schumach.) Donk (1933)
Synonyms[2]
Boudiera Lázaro Ibiza (1917) Coriolus sect. Oxyporus Bourdot & Galzin (1925)

Taxonomy

Oxyporus was first classified as a section of the genus Coriolus by Hubert Bourdot & Amédée Galzin in 1925.^[5] Marinus Anton Donk promoted the section to generic status in 1933.^[1] Boudiera, a genus proposed by Lázaro Ibiza in 1917,^[6] is a synonym.^[2] The type species is Oxyporus populinus.^[2]

Description

The fruit bodies of Oxyporus species can exist in either a pileate (with cap and stipe) form, or a resupinate form (like a crust on the surface of the substrate). In the latter case, the crust is typically broadly attached to the substrate and has a fibrous to woody texture. Pileate fruit bodies are white to deep cream in color, have a velvety texture, and are frequently covered with mosses. The pore surface is white to light yellowish, with pores that are small and isodiametric, rarely large and angular. The tube layer is single or divided into distant layers, in which case it has layers of tissue between the tube layers. The flesh is white to cream. The hyphal system is monomitic; the generative hyphae are thin to thick-walled and sparingly branched. Most species have and abundance of simple septate cystidia that are encrusted at the tip. Basidiospores are spherical to broadly ellipsoid, thin- to thick-walled, smooth, hyaline, and have a negative reaction to Melzer's reagent. Species of Oxyporus grow on both conifers and hardwoods, causing a white rot.^[7]

Pathogenicity

Oxyporus corticola has been isolated from the lymphocutaneous tissues of a beagle and a German Shepherd. The risk factors for infection with O. corticola are not yet known.^[8]

Uses

Oxyporus latemarginatus produces the industrially significant enzymes lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase (but not laccase),^[9] which are used in bioremediation, biopulping, and biobleaching. The fungus was investigated for its ability to degrade lignin in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) chips.^[10] This species also produces an antifungal compound, 5-pentyl-2-furaldehyde, that inhibits the mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and Rhizoctonia solani by mycofumigation. It has been investigated for use as a biofumigant.^[11]

Species

• Oxyporus andinus^[12]
• Oxyporus borealis^[13]
• Oxyporus brunneus^[12]
• Oxyporus bucholtzii^[14]
• Oxyporus cervinogilvus^[15]
• Oxyporus cinnamomeus^[16]
• Oxyporus connatus
• Oxyporus corticola^[17]
• Oxyporus cuneatus^[18]
• Oxyporus fragilis^[19]
• Oxyporus ginkgonis^[20]
• Oxyporus lacerus^[21]
• Oxyporus latemarginatus^[22]
• Oxyporus lilaceus^[23]
• Oxyporus macroporus^[24]
• Oxyporus mollis^[25]
• Oxyporus neotropicus^[26]
• Oxyporus obducens^[1]
• Oxyporus pellicula^[27]
• Oxyporus phellodendri^[28]
• Oxyporus piceicola^[29]
• Oxyporus populinus^[1]
• Oxyporus ravidus^[30]
• Oxyporus rufipusillus^[31]
• Oxyporus schizoporoides^[32]
• Oxyporus similis^[33]
• Oxyporus sinensis^[34]
• Oxyporus spiculifer^[35]
• Oxyporus subflavus^[36]
• Oxyporus subpopulinus^[37]
• Oxyporus subulatus^[38]

References

1. Donk MA. (1933). "Revisie van de Nederlandse Heterobasidiomyceteae (uitgez. Uredinales en Ustilaginales) en Homobasidiomyceteae-Aphyllophraceae: II". Mededelingen van Het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (in Dutch). 9: 1–278 (see pp. 202–4).
2. "Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk :202, 1933". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
3. Zmitrovich IV, Malysheva VF (2014). "Studies on Oxyporus I. Segregation of Emmia and general topology of phylogenetic tree" (PDF). Mikologiya i fitopatologiya. 48 (3): 161–171.
4. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 489. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
5. Bourdot H, Galzin A (1925). "Hyménomycètes de France. XI. Porés". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 41: 98–255 (see p. 139).
6. Lázaro Ibiza B. (1917). Los poliporáceos de la flora española. Estudio crítico y descriptivo de los hongos de esta familia (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta Renacimiento. p. 147.
7. Ryvarden L. (1993). European Polypores (Part 2). Oslo, Norway: Lubrecht & Cramer. p. 438. ISBN 82-90724-12-8.
8. Miller SA, Roth-Johnson L, Kani SA, Bemis DA (2012). "Isolation and sequence-based identification of Oxyporus corticola from a dog with generalized lymphadenopathy". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 24 (1): 178–81. doi:10.1177/1040638711425944. PMID 22362950.
9. Dhouib A, Ellouz M, Aloui F, Sayadi S (2005). "Effect of bioaugmentation of activated sludge with white-rot fungi on olive mill wastewater detoxification". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 42 (5): 405–11. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01858.x. PMID 16599996.
10. Halis R, Tan HR, Ashaari Z, Mohamed R (2012). "Biomodification of Kenaf using white rot fungi" (PDF). Bioresources. 7 (1): 984–96.
11. Lee SO, Kim HY, Choi GJ, Lee HB, Jang KS, Choi YH, Kim J-C (2009). "Mycofumigation with Oxyporus latemarginatus EF069 for control of postharvest apple decay and Rhizoctonia root rot on moth orchid". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 106 (4): 1213–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04087.x. PMID 19120615.
12. Ryvarden L, Ituuiaga T (2010). Studies in Neotropical polypores 29. Some new and interesting species from the Andes region in Venezuela. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 27. Fungiflora. pp. 78–91. ISBN 9788290724417.
13. Jenssen GM, Ryvarden L (1985). "Oxyporus borealis sp. nov. Polyporaceae with a note on O. phellodendri". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 84 (3): 545–7. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80022-x.
14. Dai Y-C, Niemelä T (1995). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 4. Some species described by A.S. Bondartsev and L.V. Lyubarsky from the Russian Far East". Annales Botanici Fennici. 32 (4): 211–26.
15. Ryvarden L. (1973). "New genera in the Polyporaceae". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 20 (1): 1–5.
16. Núñez M, Ryvarden L (1999). "New and interesting polypores from Japan" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 3: 107–21.
17. Ryvarden L. "A note on the genus Junghuhnia". Persoonia. 7 (1): 17–21.
18. Aoshima K. (1967). "Synopsis of the genus Daedalea Pers. ex Fr". Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 8: 1–4.
19. Læssøe T, Ryvarden L (2009). Studies in Neotropical polypores 26. Some new and rarely recorded polypores from Ecuador. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 27. Fungiflora. pp. 34–58. ISBN 9788290724387.
20. Dai Y-C, Wang Z (2005). "A new polypore on Ginkgo from China". Mycotaxon. 92: 345–9.
21. Ryvarden L. (2007). Studies in Neotropical polypores 23. New and interesting wood-inhabiting fungi from Belize. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 23. Oslo: Fungiflora. pp. 32–50. ISBN 9788290724356.
22. Donk MA. (1966). "Notes on European polypores – I". Persoonia. 4 (3): 337–43.
23. Corner EJH. (1987). Ad Polyporaceas IV: The Genera Daedalea, Flabellophora, Etc. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 86. p. 132. ISBN 978-3443510084.
24. Dai Y-C, Wei Y-L, Wang Z (2004). "Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 2. Polypores from Sichuan Province" (PDF). Annales Botanici Fennici. 41 (5): 319–29.
25. Gibertoni T, Martins A, Ryvarden L, Sotao H (2012). "Oxyporus mollis sp. nov. (Agaricomycetes) from the Eastern Brazilian Amazonia". Nova Hedwigia. 94 (1–2): 175–9. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0094-0175.
26. Ryvarden L. (2004). Studies in neotropical polypores 20. Some new polypores from the Amazonas region. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 18. Fungiflora. pp. 62–7. ISBN 8290724292.
27. Ryvarden L, Johansen I (1980). A Preliminary Polypore Flora of East Africa. Oslo: Fungiflora. p. 455. ISBN 8290724322.
28. Bondartsev A. (1963). "Species pro URSS rarae et novae Polyporacearum". Botanicheskie Materialy Otdela Sporovyh Rastenij Botanicheskogo Instituti Imeni V.L. Komarova. 16: 113–25.
29. Cui B-K, Dai Y-C (2009). "Oxyporus piceicola sp nov with a key to species of the genus in China". Mycotaxon. 109: 307–13. doi:10.5248/109.307.
30. Bondartsev A, Singer R (1941). "Zur Systematik der Polyporaceae" [Towards a systematics of the Polyporaceae]. Annales Mycologici (in German). 39 (1): 43–65.
31. Hattori T. (2003). "Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and West Pacific Areas. V. Species described in Tyromyces (2)". Mycoscience. 44 (4): 265–76. doi:10.1007/s10267-003-0114-3. S2CID 86014378.
32. Spirin WA, Zmitrovitch I (2003). "Notes on some rare polypores, found in Russia. 1: Genera Antrodiella, Gelatoporia, Irpex, Oxyporus, Pilatoporus and Porpomyces". Karstenia. 43 (2): 67–82. doi:10.29203/ka.2003.394.
33. Ryvarden L. (1972). "A critical checklist of the Polyporaceae in tropical East Africa". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 19: 229–38.
34. Zeng X-L. (1992). "A undescribed species of Oxyporus (Polyporaceae) from China". Mycotaxon. 44 (1): 51–4.
35. Buchanan PK, Ryvarden L (1988). "Type studies in the Polyporaceae – 18. Species described by G.H. Cunningham". Mycotaxon. 31 (1): 1–38.
36. Reid DA. (1973). "A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch". South African Journal of Botany. 39 (2): 141–78 (see p. 172).
37. Cui B-K, Huang M-Y, Dai Y-C (2006). "A new species of Oxyporus (Basidiomycota, Aphyllophorales) from Northwest China". Mycotaxon. 96: 207–10.
38. Hjortstam K, Ryvarden L (1982). "Aphyllophorales from Northern Thailand". Nordic Journal of Botany. 2 (3): 273–81. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01189.x.