The following events occurred in October 1937:
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- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black gave a radio address admitting that he had once been a member of the Ku Klux Klan, but had resigned and never rejoined. Black repudiated the Klan and pointed out that his voting record in the Senate demonstrated that he was "of that group of liberal senators who have consistently fought for the civil, economic and religious rights of all Americans, without regard to race or creed."[1]
- Thousands of members of the British Union of Fascists marched through the London district of Bermondsey to mark the fifth anniversary of the organization's founding. Anti-fascists jeered and threw eggs, bricks and other objects as 3,000 police fought to maintain order. Over 100 arrests were made.[4][5]
- Died: Richard Hertwig, 87, German zoologist; E. J. Rapson, 76, British numismatist, philologist and professor of Sanskrit
- Sir Oswald Mosley was knocked unconscious by a stone that struck him in the head when he stood on a truck to address a Fascist rally in Liverpool.[16]
- The New York Yankees won the World Series for the second straight year, four games to one, with a 4–2 defeat of the New York Giants.
- The Labor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) was founded in Poland.
- Born: George W. Strawbridge, Jr., educator, historian, investor and philanthropist, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Peter Underwood, jurist and Governor of Tasmania, in the United Kingdom (d. 2014)
- Duke and Duchess of Windsor's 1937 tour of Germany: The Duke of Windsor and his wife began a visit to Nazi Germany, arriving at Berlin Friedrichstraße station by train from Paris. The duke was taken on a tour of a factory by German Labour Front leader Robert Ley.[17]
- Charles Lindbergh and wife Anne began their second visit to Nazi Germany. Over the next two weeks Colonel Lindbergh would be shown the Focke-Wulf, Henschel and Daimler-Benz factories and permitted to examine the Dornier Do 17 bomber and Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter.[18][19]
- The U.S. Supreme Court decided Ex parte Levitt.
- Franklin D. Roosvelt received at the White House Vittorio Mussolini. The Duce’s son, a well-known cinephile, was coming back from a visit to Hollywood studios.[20]
- Born: Bobby Charlton, footballer, in Ashington, England; Ron Leibman, American actor, in Manhattan, (d. 2019).
- A total of seven people were killed on a day of violence in Palestine. Three were killed when a mine blew up a train northeast of the Palestinian city of Jaffa. A policeman shot two Arabs who refused to halt near the scene of the explosion. Elsewhere, two attacks on buses killed two Arabs and wounded three Jews.[24]
- Italy raised taxes significantly in an effort to meet the cost of increased arms production and maintaining its colonies.[31]
- Died: Ernest Rutherford, 66, New-Zealand born British physicist
"1937". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2015. Darrah, David (October 4, 1937). "Street Battles Rage as London Fascists March". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 8. Darrah, David (October 5, 1937). "Mystery U-Boat Fires Torpedo at British Ship". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9. "Fall Kills Aerialist". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 8 October 1937. p. 2. GREENEVILLE (Tenn.) D. D. Roland, veteran trapeze performer, was injured fatally late today when he plunged more than sixty feet from a pole on which he was performing at the Ottway Community Fair.
"The Final Curtain". The Billboard. 16 October 1937. p. 33. ROLAND -- D.D., 42, aerialist and human fly, a native of Pennsylvania, killed in a 62-foot fall while performing at Greeneville (Tenn.) Community Fair October 7.
Cooke, William (October 30, 1937). "Tribute to Late D. D. Roland, Noted 'Human Fly' and Aerialist". The Billboard. p. 50. It had long been his ambition to develop a new act that would give more thrills than his former acts, and last winter he realized it by bringing out a high trapeze and awaying pole routing, performed without a safety net, 110 feet above the ground. At the Ottway Fair, Greenville, Tenn., October 7, while completing the finale of his trapeze, a forward somersault to ankle catch, a gust of wind blew his trapeze bar from under him and he fell to his death.
Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 488. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3. Hessen, Robert (1984). Berlin Alert: The Memoirs and Reports of Truman Smith. Leland Stanford Junior University. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8179-7893-8. Larrabee, Eric (2004). Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War. Naval Institute Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-59114-455-7. Boyle, John Hunter (1972). China and Japan at War, 1937–1945: The Politics of Collaboration. Stanford University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-8047-0800-5. Reich, Bernard (1990). Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-313-26213-5. Darrah, David (October 25, 1937). "Aviatrix Clips Australia to London Mark". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1. Brennan, Michael G. (2010). Graham Greene: Fictions, Faith and Authorship. Continuum Books. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-4411-3742-5. Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 1874. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.