Nocturnal enuresis
Involuntary urination while asleep / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nocturnal enuresis (NE), also informally called bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually begins.[1] Bedwetting in children and adults can result in emotional stress.[2] Complications can include urinary tract infections.[2][3][4][5]
Nocturnal enuresis | |
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Other names | Nighttime urinary incontinence, sleepwetting, bedwetting |
Urine mark on bedding caused by a nocturnal enuresis episode. | |
Specialty | Pediatrics, Psychology, Urology |
Most bedwetting is a developmental delay—not an emotional problem or physical illness. Only a small percentage (5 to 10%) of bedwetting cases have a specific medical cause.[6] Bedwetting is commonly associated with a family history of the condition.[7] Nocturnal enuresis is considered primary when a child has not yet had a prolonged period of being dry. Secondary nocturnal enuresis is when a child or adult begins wetting again after having stayed dry.
Treatments range from behavioral therapy, such as bedwetting alarms, to medication,[8][9] such as hormone replacement, and even surgery such as urethral dilatation. Since most bedwetting is simply a developmental delay, most treatment plans aim to protect or improve self-esteem.[6] Treatment guidelines recommend that the physician counsel the parents,[10] warning about psychological consequences caused by pressure, shaming, or punishment for a condition children cannot control.[6]
Bedwetting is the most common childhood complaint.[11][12][13]