Nizam al-Mulk
Seljuk Abbasid Persian scholar, warrior, politician, and vizier (1018–1092) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam ul-Mulk (Persian: نظامالملک, lit. 'Order of the Realm'[3]) was a Persian[4][5] scholar, jurist, political philosopher and Vizier of the Seljuk Empire. Rising from a low position within the empire,[6] he became the de facto ruler of the empire for 20 years after the assassination of Sultan Alp Arslan in 1072,[7] serving as the archetypal "good vizier".[6] Viewed by many historians as "the most important statesman in Islamic history", the policies implemented by Nizam ul-Mulk would go on to remain as the basic foundation for administrative state structures in the Muslim world up until the 20th century.[8]
Nizam al-Mulk | |
---|---|
Vizier of the Seljuk Empire | |
In office 29 November 1064 – 14 October 1092 | |
Monarch | Alp Arslan, Malik Shah I |
Preceded by | Al-Kunduri |
Succeeded by | Taj al-Mulk Abu'l Ghana'im |
Personal details | |
Born | April 10, 1018 Tus, Ghaznavid Empire |
Died | October 14, 1092 (aged 74) Nahavand, Seljuk Empire |
Spouse | Unnamed Bagrationi princess[1][2] |
Children | Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk Shams al-Mulk Uthman Abulfath Fakhr al-Malik Mu'ayyid al-Mulk Jamal al-Mulk Fakhr al-Mulk Izz al-Mulk Imad al-Mulk Abu'l-Kasim Safiyya |
One of his most important legacies was the founding of the madrasa system in cities across the Seljuk Empire which were called the Nizamiyyas after him.[9] This was seen to be as the first government sponsored education system in history and as the inspiration behind the university system in Western Europe.[10] He also wrote the Book of Government, a political treatise that uses historical examples to discuss justice, effective rule, and the role of government in Islamic society,[11] which would go on to inspire the works of Ibn Khaldun and became the prototype for Machiavellian thought throughout Europe.[12]