Nitrospira
Genus of bacteria / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nitrospira (from Latin: nitro, meaning "nitrate" and Greek: spira, meaning "spiral") translate into “a nitrate spiral” is a genus of bacteria within the monophyletic clade[1] of the Nitrospirota phylum. The first member of this genus was described 1986 by Watson et al. isolated from the Gulf of Maine. The bacterium was named Nitrospira marina.[2] Populations were initially thought to be limited to marine ecosystems, but it was later discovered to be well-suited for numerous habitats, including activated sludge of wastewater treatment systems,[3] natural biological marine settings (such as the Seine River in France[4] and beaches in Cape Cod[5]), water circulation biofilters in aquarium tanks,[4] terrestrial systems,[5] fresh and salt water ecosystems, and hot springs.[6] Nitrospira is a ubiquitous bacterium that plays a role in the nitrogen cycle[7] by performing nitrite oxidation in the second step of nitrification.[6] Nitrospira live in a wide array of environments including but not limited to, drinking water systems, waste treatment plants, rice paddies, forest soils, geothermal springs, and sponge tissue.[8] Despite being abundant in many natural and engineered ecosystems Nitrospira are difficult to culture, so most knowledge of them is from molecular and genomic data.[9] However, due to their difficulty to be cultivated in laboratory settings, the entire genome was only sequenced in one species, Nitrospira defluvii.[10] In addition, Nitrospira bacteria's 16S rRNA sequences are too dissimilar to use for PCR primers, thus some members go unnoticed.[9] In addition, members of Nitrospira with the capabilities to perform complete nitrification (comammox bacteria) has also been discovered[8][11] and cultivated.[12]
Nitrospira | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Nitrospirota |
Class: | Nitrospira |
Order: | Nitrospirales |
Family: | Nitrospiraceae |
Genus: | Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986 |
Type species | |
Nitrospira marina Watson et al. 1986 | |
Species | |
See text |