Nitrofurantoin
Antibacterial drug / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections, although it is not as effective for kidney infections.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2]
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Trade names | Macrobid, Macrodantin, Macpac, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682291 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 40% |
Metabolism | Liver (75%) |
Elimination half-life | 20 minutes |
Excretion | Kidney and bile duct |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.587 |
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Formula | C8H6N4O5 |
Molar mass | 238.159 g·mol−1 |
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Melting point | 270 to 272 °C (518 to 522 °F) (decomp.) |
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Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches.[2] Rarely numbness, lung problems, or liver problems may occur.[2] It should not be used in people with kidney problems.[2] While it appears to be generally safe during pregnancy it should not be used near delivery.[2][3] While it usually works by slowing bacterial growth, it may result in bacterial death at the high concentrations found in urine.[2]
Nitrofurantoin was first sold in 1953.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5] It is available as a generic medication.[2] In 2021, it was the 135th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[6][7]