Nissan Serena

The Nissan Serena (Japanese: 日産・セレナ, Hepburn: Nissan Serena) is a minivan manufactured by Nissan, joining the slightly larger Vanette. The car was engineered by Nissan's Aichi Manufacturing Division and launched in 1991 as a compact passenger van, and it grew larger with each generation over the years. Earlier versions were front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout with a live axle mounted on leaf springs, while the following generations are front-wheel drive or 4WD.

Nissan Serena
2018 Nissan Serena Highway Star S-Hybrid (C27, Hong Kong)
Overview
Manufacturer	Nissan
Also called	Nissan Vanette Serena (1991–1994) Suzuki Landy (Japan, 2007–2022)
Production	1991–present
Body and chassis
Class	Minivan
Layout	Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive (1991–1999) Front-engine, front-wheel-drive (1999–present) Front-engine, four-wheel-drive (1991–present)
Chronology
Predecessor	Nissan Vanette (Asia and Europe)
Successor	Nissan Primastar (for C23, Europe)

The Serena is designed to comply with Japanese vehicle class, which means its external dimensions are restricted to 4.7 meters in length and 1.7 meters in width. It slots below the larger Nissan Elgrand in Japan as a smaller, cheaper alternative. Competitors include the Toyota Noah, the Honda Stepwgn, the Mitsubishi Delica, and formerly, the Mazda Biante.

Its name is from the Latin word "serēnus", meaning "clear, tranquil, pleasant".

The Serena was rebadged and marketed by Suzuki as the Suzuki Landy (Japanese: スズキ・ランディ, Hepburn: Suzuki Randi) between 2007 and 2022.^[1] The Serena based Landy was discontinued and replaced by an all-new version that is now based on the Toyota Noah starting in 2022, when the fourth generation Noah was released.

Like the larger Elgrand, a tuned, modified version of the Serena is available by Autech.

First generation (C23; 1991)

First generation
Nissan Serena 2.0 FX (pre-facelift, Japan)
Overview
Model code	C23
Also called	Nissan Vanette Cargo/E Nissan Vanette Serena LDV Cub
Production	1991–2001
Assembly	Japan: Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Oppama Plant) Spain: Barcelona Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door minivan
Layout	Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 1.6 L GA16DE I4 2.0 L SR20DE I4 Diesel: 2.0 L CD20 I4 2.0 L CD20T/CD20ET turbo I4
Transmission	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,735 mm (107.7 in)
Length	4,355–4,380 mm (171.5–172.4 in)
Width	1,695 mm (66.7 in)
Height	1,825–1,915 mm (71.9–75.4 in)
Curb weight	1,250–1,610 kg (2,756–3,549 lb) (2WD) 1,610–1,730 kg (3,549–3,814 lb) (4WD)
Chronology
Successor	Nissan Primastar (Europe)

Models were manufactured in Japan from 1991 onwards, and many were imported into Australasia and the United Kingdom. Nissan produced many different trim levels - FX, SX etc. Full-Auto (full-time) 4WD versions were also produced providing greater stability and better handling. The naturally aspirated 2.3 L diesel was never manufactured for the Japanese market and its seating arrangement and interior fittings are not the same as the 2.0 L petrol (SR20DE), 2.0 L diesel CD20 and turbo-diesel CD20T models manufactured in Japan for the local market. It was exclusive to Japanese Nissan dealerships called Nissan Bluebird Store.

Throughout its production the C23 model underwent several facelifts although the interior design and body largely remained unchanged, for example, addition of airbags and bench seats for the second and third rows. Each facelift model can be identified by front grille design which was updated in 1994 and 1997.

In European markets, the C23 Serena had 1.6 or 2.0 L petrols, or 2.3 L diesel engines LD23. Trim levels were LX, SLX, SGX and SGXi. Auto Express once named the Serena as the slowest passenger car in the benchmark 0-60 mph (now 62 mph) test, with the 2.3 L diesel version (added in the mid 1990s) taking 27.8 seconds to reach that speed.

Until around 2002, the standard petrol engine was an SR20DE. A variety of other engines were used over the years, including diesels specifically the CD20 (for the commercial van version), CD20T 1,973 cc Diesel Turbo, and the CD20ET.

• 
  Nissan Serena Cargo VX (Japan)
• 
  Nissan Serena 1.6i FGX (first facelift, Indonesia)
• 
  Nissan Serena (first facelift, Indonesia)
• 
  Nissan Serena (first facelift, Indonesia)

Serena Highway Star

• 
  Nissan Serena Highway Star (second facelift, Japan)
• 
  Nissan Serena Highway Star (second facelift, Japan)

Europe

The Nissan Vanette was a series of small vans manufactured in Spain by Nissan alongside the European market Serena models. The van was produced in two versions, the Vanette E, which shared the basic body shell with the Nissan Serena people carrier, differing only in not having rear windows and passenger seats, and the Vanette Cargo, which was longer and had a higher roof line from behind the front seats.

In June 1998, LDV Group entered into an agreement with Nissan to sell a rebranded version of the Vanette Cargo.^[2] This was named the LDV Cub and was sold alongside the Vanette in Britain. The model was discontinued in 2001 and replaced by a rebadged version of the Renault Trafic called the Nissan Primastar, which is produced in Luton, England and Barcelona, Spain.

• 
  Nissan Serena (facelift, Germany)
• 
  Nissan Serena (facelift, Germany)
• 
  Nissan Vanette Cargo (pre-facelift)
• 
  Nissan Vanette Cargo (pre-facelift)
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  Nissan Vanette E (facelift)
• 
  LDV Cub
• 
  LDV Cub rear

Reputation

The Nissan Serena Mk1 is said to have an image problem by some, in particular Fifth Gear presenter Quentin Willson, who remarked in a 1997 Top Gear episode that "...the Nissan Serena was about as seductive as a skip and as desirable as an old shoe."

By 2000, the Nissan Serena was described as the worst new car sale on Britain, by Top Gear's Buyers Guide, with "absolutely nothing to recommend it for".

Although the Nissan Serena handles better than most people expect it to (due to its mid-mounted engine), its power-to-weight ratio is particularly poor, as shown by the 0–100 km/h averages listed below. For those wanting performance cars, the only models with marginally acceptable acceleration are powered by the SR20DE engine, but all models are acceptable for the target family-car user, as shown by sales figures.

Nissan Largo

Largo was the model name used for a Nissan passenger van based on the C23 Serena between 1992 and 1998. Unlike the previous Largo, which was essentially a widened C22 Nissan Vanette, the W30 Largo was a totally rebodied, wider Serena with more equipment such as four-wheel-drive. It was exclusive to Nissan Satio Store locations as a large load carrying vehicle next to the Sunny. The Largo was available with either a 2.4-litre petrol or a 2.0-litre turbo-diesel, both mid engined (under the front seats).

• 
  W30 Nissan Largo (pre-facelift)
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  W30 Nissan Largo SX-G Plus (facelift)
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  W30 Nissan Largo (facelift)
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  W30 Nissan Largo Highway Star (facelift)
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  W30 Nissan Largo Highway Star Touring
• 
  W30 Nissan Largo Highway Star Touring

Second generation (C24; 1999)

Second generation
Overview
Model code	C24
Also called	Dongfeng Yuxuan (China) Dongfeng Succe (China)
Production	1999–2005 (Japan) 2001–2012 (Taiwan) 2001–2012 (Malaysia, Philippines) 2004–2012 (Indonesia) 2007–present (China)
Assembly	Japan: Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Oppama Plant) China: Zhengzhou, Henan (Zhengzhou Nissan) Indonesia: Purwakarta (Nissan Motor Indonesia)[3] Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur (TCMA) Philippines: Manila (2002–2003) Santa Rosa City (2003–September 2012) Taiwan: Miaoli
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door minivan
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Platform	Nissan MS platform
Related	Dongfeng Yumsun ZNA Succe
Powertrain
Engine	1.5 L 4A15 I4 2.0 L SR20DE I4 2.0 L QR20DE I4 2.5 L YD25DDTi I4 2.5 L QR25DE I4
Transmission	5-speed manual Hyper CVT 4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,695 mm (106.1 in)
Length	4,590 mm (180.7 in) 4,731 mm (186.3 in) (Taiwan)
Width	1,695 mm (66.7 in)
Height	1,825 mm (71.9 in)
Curb weight	1,580 kg (3,483 lb)

The second-generation Serena was launched in Japan in June 1999, ditched the rear-wheel drive layout in favour of front-wheel drive construction. These versions had a facelift with a wider variety of engines and colours. From December 2001 onwards (the time of the facelift) the Serena used the QR20DE and QR25DE. The pre-facelift C24 Serenas all have a 2.0 L engine, with the optional 2.5 L engine becoming available from 2002. With the partnership between Nissan and Renault having been implemented, Nissan MPVs were withdrawn from Europe where Renault products, like the Renault Espace and Renault Scénic were sold and better accepted.

Indonesian-market cars use the 2.0 L QR20DE inline-four petrol engine. The trims available in Indonesia are Comfort Touring, Highway Star, and Autech. The Comfort Touring trim-level does not come equipped with electric sliding door and reverse camera, while the Highway Star and the Autech do.^[4] The C24 Serena was also manufactured by Edaran Tan Chong Motor Sdn Bhd in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.^[5]

• 
  Japanese-market Serena pre-facelift rear
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  Japanese-market Serena post-facelift
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  Japanese-market Serena post-facelift rear
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  Japanese-market Serena High Roof post-facelift rear

Serena Highway Star

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  Japanese-market Serena Highway Star pre-facelift
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  Japanese-market Serena Highway Star post-facelift

Serena Rider

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  Japanese-market Serena Rider pre-facelift
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  Japanese-market Serena Rider pre-facelift rear
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  Japanese-market Serena Rider post-facelift
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  Japanese-market Serena Rider post-facelift rear

Taiwanese version

In Taiwan, a lengthened version of the Serena C24 has been manufactured by Yulon under the Nissan label. The Taiwanese Serena is 141 mm (5.6 in) longer than the original, all behind the C-pillar. The Taiwanese version was in production until 2012 and only available with the 160 PS (118 kW) 2.5-liter QR25DE engine joined to a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic.^[6]

• 
  Taiwanese-market Serena pre-facelift
• 
  Taiwanese-market Serena pre-facelift
• 
  Taiwanese-market Serena post-facelift
• 
  Taiwanese-market Serena post-facelift

Chinese version

In the People's Republic of China, the Serena Mk. II was sold by Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile in the form of the Taiwanese Yulon version while being rebadged to Yuxuan or Yumsun under the Dongfeng brand.

• 
  Dongfeng Yuxuan (Yumsun)
• 
  Dongfeng Yuxuan rear

Another restyled, rebadged, and renamed version called the Dongfeng Succe and is also produced by their subsidiary Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile.^[7]

• 
  Dongfeng Succe pre-facelift
• 
  2012 Dongfeng ZNA Succe 1.6 pre-facelift
• 
  Chinese-market Dongfeng Succe post-facelift
• 
  Chinese-market Dongfeng Succe post-facelift

Third generation (C25; 2005)

Third generation
Overview
Model code	C25
Also called	Suzuki Landy
Production	2005–2010
Assembly	Japan: Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Nissan Shatai)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door minivan
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L MR20DE DI I4
Transmission	Xtronic CVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Length	4,650–4,725 mm (183.1–186.0 in)
Width	1,695–1,725 mm (66.7–67.9 in)
Height	1,840–1,850 mm (72.4–72.8 in)
Curb weight	1,610–1,700 kg (3,549–3,748 lb)

The third generation debuted in Japan in May 2005.^[8] This model was officially sold in Japan and Hong Kong, and also sold through parallel imports in Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei.

In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Serena C25 was the best selling minivan in Japan.

This model was also sold as the Suzuki Landy in Japan, a practice that is continued with the fourth and fifth generation Serena.

The third generation was discontinued in Japan in late 2010 and in Hong Kong in 2011.

Gallery

• 
  Nissan Serena C25 pre-facelift rear
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  Nissan Serena C25 20RS/RX pre-facelift
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  Nissan Serena C25 Highway Star pre-facelift
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  Nissan Serena C25 post-facelift
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  Nissan Serena C25 post-facelift rear
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  Nissan Serena C25 Highway Star post-facelift
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  Nissan Serena C25 Highway Star post-facelift rear
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  Suzuki Landy pre-facelift
• 
  Suzuki Landy post-facelift
• 
  Nissan Serena interior

Fourth generation (C26; 2010)

Fourth generation
Overview
Model code	C26
Also called	Suzuki Landy[9]
Production	2010–2016 (Japan) 2012–2019 (Indonesia) 2014–2018 (Malaysia)
Assembly	Japan: Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Motor Kyushu) Indonesia: Purwakarta (NMI) Malaysia: Serendah (TCMA)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door minivan
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L MR20DD DI I4 2.0 L MR20DD S-Hybrid DI I4
Transmission	Xtronic CVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Length	4,685–4,770 mm (184.4–187.8 in)
Width	1,695–1,735 mm (66.7–68.3 in)
Height	1,865–1,875 mm (73.4–73.8 in)
Curb weight	1,600–1,720 kg (3,527–3,792 lb)

The 2011 Nissan Serena was released in late November 2010 to the Japanese market, equipped with a new 2.0-litre MR20DD direct injection inline-four gasoline engine.^[10] This model was sold in Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Indonesia.^[11]

In August 2012, Nissan added their newly developed simple hybrid system called Smart Simple Hybrid or S-HYBRID. The Nissan Serena C26 S-HYBRID has its regeneration capacity and output power of the Eco Motor, which is an alternator that is used for Nissan's Serena having an idling stop mechanism and capable of restarting an engine, upgraded. Nissan added a lead sub-battery in the engine room for extended energy regeneration capacity.^{[citation needed]} The Serena has a fuel economy of 15.2 km/L (approx 35.8 mpg) under the JC08 test mode.^[12]

In Indonesia, the C26 Serena was locally assembled and went on sale in January 2013. The Autech version of the Highway Star trim was added in September 2013. The facelift version of the C26 Serena was launched on 13 March 2015.

In Malaysia, Tan Chong launched Nissan Serena S-Hybrid in July 2013 being fully imported from Japan and only available in one trim level: Highway Star.^[13][14] In November 2014, the facelift version was launched, being locally assembled in Malaysia and available in two trim levels: Highway Star and Premium Highway Star.^[15][16] In July 2016, Impul versions were made available.^[17]

Gallery

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  Nissan Serena C26 pre-facelift rear
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  Nissan Serena Highway Star pre-facelift
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  Nissan Serena Highway Star pre-facelift rear
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  Nissan Serena S-Hybrid post-facelift
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  Nissan Serena S-Hybrid post-facelift rear
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  Nissan Serena Highway Star S-Hybrid post-facelift
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  Suzuki Landy pre-facelift
• 
  Nissan Serena interior

Fifth generation (C27; 2016)

Fifth generation
2016 Nissan Serena X (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
Overview
Model code	C27
Also called	Suzuki Landy
Production	2016–2022 2018–present (Malaysia)
Assembly	Japan: Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Motor Kyushu) Malaysia: Serendah (TCMA)
Designer	Kensuke Sugimatsu (facelift)[18][19]
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door minivan
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	1.2 L HR12DE EFI I3 (generator only; e-Power Hybrid) 2.0 L MR20DD DI I4 (MHEV; S-Hybrid)
Electric motor	2x EM57 High Power 96 kW (129 hp), 254 N⋅m (187 lb⋅ft) AC Synchronous electric motor (Serena e-Power)
Transmission	Xtronic CVT
Hybrid drivetrain	Mild hybrid (Serena S-Hybrid) Series hybrid (Serena e-Power)
Battery	1.57 kWh lithium-ion (Serena e-Power)
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Length	4,685–4,770 mm (184.4–187.8 in)
Width	1,695–1,740 mm (66.7–68.5 in)
Height	1,865 mm (73.4 in)
Curb weight	1,710 kg (3,770 lb)

Nissan unveiled the fifth generation Serena on 6 July 2016, and sales began in Japan on 24 August 2016. The all-new Serena received the ProPilot technology, which does lane centering. The system is designed for highway use, and will only be used in single-lane traffic as a means to keep a car between the lines of a lane on the highway. Nissan's system is operational at speeds between 30 km/h (19 mph) and 100 km/h (62 mph), and is designed to hold the vehicle in the middle of a lane by reading markers and controlling steering. Propilot can follow curves, and it automatically controls the distance between the vehicle ahead.^[20]

The Serena e-Power went on sale in February 2018. It is a series hybrid with no plug-in capability powered by the HR12DE straight-three engine.

The C27 Serena debuted in Hong Kong in 2017.^{[citation needed]}

In Malaysia, the C27 Nissan Serena S-Hybrid was launched on 14 May 2018 as a 7-seater locally assembled MPV and available in two trim levels: Highway Star and Premium Highway Star.^[21]

In Singapore, an e-Power powered C27 Nissan Serena was displayed during the 2019 Singapore Motor Show.^[22]

In Indonesia, the C27 Serena was launched on 19 February 2019 and is fully imported from Japan.^[23]

• 
  2016 Nissan Serena X (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
• 
  2016 Nissan Serena Highway Star VIP (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
• 
  2016 Nissan Serena Highway Star VIP (C27; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
• 
  Nissan Serena interior

Facelift

The C27 Serena received a facelift in Japan on 1 August 2019 with redesigned front grille, front and rear bumpers, and omnidirectional driving support.^[24][25]

In Malaysia, the facelifted C27 Serena S-Hybrid was launched on 6 July 2022.^[26]

• 
  2019 Nissan Serena XV (GFC27; facelift, Japan)
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  2021 Nissan Serena e-Power XV Aero (GFC27; facelift, Japan)
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  2019 Nissan Serena e-Power Highway Star V (HFC27; facelift, Hong Kong)

Specifications

Engines

Gasoline-electric hybrid^[27][28]

Model	Years	Type	Power, torque@rpm
Serena 2WD (5AA-GC27, 5AA-GFC27)	2018-	1997 cc I4 (Nissan MR20DD)	110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) at 6000 rpm, 200 N⋅m (147.5 lb⋅ft; 20.4 kg⋅m) at 4400 rpm
Serena 4WD (5AA-GNC27, 5AA-GFNC27)		AC synchronous motor (Nissan SM24)	1.9 kW (2.6 PS; 2.5 hp), 4.8 N⋅m (3.5 lb⋅ft; 0.5 kg⋅m)
Serena e-POWER 2WD (6AA-HC27, 6AA-HFC27)	2018-	1198 cc I3 (Nissan HR12DE)	62 kW (84 PS; 83 hp) at 6000 rpm, 103 N⋅m (76 lb⋅ft; 11 kg⋅m) at 3200-5200 rpm
		AC synchronous motor (Nissan EM57)	fixed output: 70 kW (95 PS; 94 hp), 320 N⋅m (236.0 lb⋅ft; 32.6 kg⋅m) maximum output: 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp), 320 N⋅m (236.0 lb⋅ft; 32.6 kg⋅m)

Transmission

Gasoline-electric hybrid

Model	Years	Type
Serena 2WD (5AA-GC27, 5AA-GFC27)	2018-	Xtronic CVT
Serena 4WD (5AA-GNC27, 5AA-GFNC27)
Serena e-POWER 2WD (6AA-HC27, 6AA-HFC27)	2018-	Single Speed Planetary Gear

Sixth generation (C28; 2022)

Sixth generation
2022 Nissan Serena e-Power XV (GC28, Japan)
Overview
Model code	C28
Production	November 2022 – present
Assembly	Japan: Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Motor Kyushu)
Body and chassis
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 2.0 L MR20DD I4 Petrol hybrid: 1.4 L HR14DDe I3
Electric motor	EM57 AC synchronous (1.4 L e-Power hybrid)
Power output	110 kW (148 hp; 150 PS) (MR20DD) 72 kW (97 hp; 98 PS) (HR14DDe) 120 kW (161 hp; 163 PS) (EM57 electric motor)
Transmission	Xtronic CVT (2.0 L petrol)
Hybrid drivetrain	Series (e-Power)
Battery	Lithium-ion
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,870 mm (113.0 in)
Length	4,690–4,765 mm (184.6–187.6 in)
Width	1,695–1,715 mm (66.7–67.5 in)
Height	1,870–1,895 mm (73.6–74.6 in)
Kerb weight	1,670–1,850 kg (3,681.7–4,078.6 lb)

The sixth-generation Serena was unveiled on 28 November 2022.^[29]

• 
  2022 Nissan Serena e-Power XV (GC28, Japan)
• 
  2022 Nissan Serena e-Power Luxion (GFC28, Japan)
• 
  2022 Nissan Serena e-Power Autech (GFC28, Japan)
• 
  Interior

Markets

Japan

For the Japanese market, it is available in X, XV, Highway Star V and Luxion grade levels. The first three grades are available with either petrol or e-Power and have 7-and 8-seater capacity, while the latter is only offered with e-Power and has 7-seater capacity.^[30] Since September 2024, optional “e-4ORCE” four-wheel-drive option became available for the e-Power X, XV and Highway Star V grades.

Singapore

The sixth generation Serena was launched in Singapore on 13 May 2024. It is only offered with e-Power petrol hybrid, with either Premium 8-seater variant and Highway Star Prestige 7-seater variants.^[31]

Indonesia

The Indonesian market sixth-generation Serena was previewed in August 2023 at the 30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show.^[32] It went on sale in July 2024 at the same yearly event.^[33] For the sixth-generation, the Serena is only available with the e-Power series hybrid powertrain, and is offered in a sole trim level, Highway Star.^[34]

Awards

Nissan Serena won Technology Award at 2023-2024 Japan car of the year. Nissan has announced that the Serena minivan has been awarded the Technology Car of the Year at the 2023-2024 Japan Car of the Year awards.^[35]

Sales

Year	Japan[36]	Indonesia[37]	Malaysia[38]
1999	45,177
2000	64,093		1,682
2001	54,220		1,292
2002	60,492		660
2003	47,400		387
2004	40,760		362
2005	69,973	1,749	1,048
2006	80,901	779	634
2007	77,544	1,279	434
2008	72,927	1,710	422
2009	78,836	2,116	320
2010	75,040	3,166	449
2011	84,359	2,175	361
2012	96,020	2,304	347
2013	96,407	4,008	2,163
2014	76,909	1,712	2,429
2015	61,796	1,661	2,652
2016	73,502	0	2,706
2017	84,433	1,305	2,722
2018	99,865	572	5,846
2019	92,956	964	5,740
2020	68,648	577	4,663
2021	58,954	74	2,554
2022	57,513	333	3,250
2023	75,673	428

References

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8. "NISSAN RELEASES NEW SERENA -Also releases Rider series and LV series models-". 30 May 2005.
9. "New Suzuki Landy unveiled, based on Nissan Serena - paultan.org". 16 December 2016.
10. "Nissan Releases All-New Serena Minivan". 7 November 2010.
11. "Nissan Serena Terbaru Resmi Diluncurkan". detik.com. detikOto. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
12. Tsuruhara, Yoshiro (20 July 2012). "Nissan Mounts Simple Hybrid System in New Minivan". Tech-On!. Nikkei Business Publications Inc.
13. "Nissan Serena S-Hybrid MPV launched in Malaysia - RM149,500". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
14. Kon (23 July 2013). "Nissan Serena S-Hybrid launched in Malaysia - Autoworld.com.my". Autoworld.com.my. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
15. "Nissan Serena S-Hybrid facelift debuts – CKD, RM139k". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
16. Kon (4 November 2014). "Nissan Serena S-Hybrid CKD launched - Autoworld.com.my". Autoworld.com.my. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
17. "Nissan Serena S-Hybrid Tuned by Impul launched in Malaysia - two variants, RM146k and RM156k". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 1 July 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
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【2022年12月フルモデルチェンジ】日産セレナC28型の外装・内装の情報

External links

• Nissan page: Japan, Hong Kong (e-Power), Singapore (e-Power)
• Media related to Nissan Serena at Wikimedia Commons
• Media related to LDV Cub at Wikimedia Commons