Nguyễn lords
Noble feudal clan of Vietnam, predecessor of the Nguyễn dynasty / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Nguyễn lords (Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn, 主阮; 1558–1777, 1780–1802),[lower-alpha 1] also known as the Nguyễn clan (Vietnamese: Nguyễn thị; chữ Hán: 阮氏), were a feudal nobility clan that ruled southern part of Đại Việt during the Revival Lê dynasty and ancestors of Nguyễn dynasty's emperors. The territory they ruled was known contemporarily as Đàng Trong (Inner Realm) and known by Europeans as Kingdom of Cochinchina and by Imperial China as Kingdom of Quảng Nam (Vietnamese: Quảng Nam Quốc; chữ Hán: 廣南國), in opposition to the Trịnh lords ruling northern Đại Việt as Đàng Ngoài (Outer Realm), known as Kingdom of Tonkin by Europeans and Kingdom of Annam (Vietnamese: An Nam Quốc; chữ Hán: 安南國) by Imperial China in bilateral diplomacy.[2] They were officially called King of Nguyễn (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Vương; chữ Hán: 阮王) in 1744 when lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát self-proclaimed himself to elevate his status equally to Trịnh lords's title known as King of Trịnh (Vietnamese: Trịnh Vương ; chữ Hán: 鄭王). Both Nguyễn and Trịnh clans were de jure subordinates and fief of the Lê dynasty. However, The de jure submission of the Nguyễn lords to the Trịnh lords ended in 1600.
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Nguyễn lords King of Nguyễn (1744-1802) Chúa Nguyễn (主阮) Nguyễn Vương (阮王) (1744-1802) | |||||||||
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1558–1777 1780–1802 | |||||||||
Heirloom seal
Đại Việt quốc Nguyễn chủ vĩnh trấn chi bảo" (大越國阮𪐴永鎮之寶, "Seal of the eternal government of the Nguyễn Lords of the state of Great(er) Viêt") (from 1709) | |||||||||
Map of Vietnam circa 1650 . | |||||||||
Status | Subordinates of Trịnh lords (1558–1600) and lordship (fief) within Lê dynasty of Đại Việt (1558–1777, 1780–1789) Subordinates of Siam (1783–1788) De facto independent state (1789–1802) | ||||||||
Capital | Ái Tử (1558–1570) Trà Bát (1570-1600) Dinh Cát (1600-1626) Phước Yên (1626-1636) Kim Long [vi] (1636-1687) Phú Xuân (1687–1712),(1738-1775) Bác Vọng (1712-1738) Hội An (1775–1777) Gia Định (1777, 1780–1783, 1788–1802) | ||||||||
Capital-in-exile | Bangkok (1783–1788) | ||||||||
Common languages | Vietnamese | ||||||||
Religion | Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Vietnamese folk religion, Catholicism | ||||||||
Government | Feudal dynastic hereditary military dictatorship (1558–1777) Rump state (1777-1783) Government in exile (1783–1788) Absolute Monarchy (1788–1802) | ||||||||
Lords/Kings | |||||||||
• 1558–1613 | Nguyễn Hoàng (first) | ||||||||
• 1738–1765 | Nguyễn Phúc Khoát (as King) | ||||||||
• 1780–1802 | Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (last) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1558 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1777 1780–1802 | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1800 | 1,770,000 | ||||||||
Currency | Copper-alloy and zinc cash coins | ||||||||
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The Nguyễn lords were members of the House of Nguyễn Phúc. While they recognized the authority of and claimed to be loyal subjects of the revival Lê dynasty, they were de facto rulers of southern Đại Việt. Meanwhile, the Trịnh lords ruled northern Đại Việt in the name of the Lê emperor, who was in reality a puppet ruler.[3][4] They fought a series of long and bitter wars that pitted the two halves of Vietnam against each other. The Nguyễn were finally overthrown in the Tây Sơn wars, but one of their descendants would eventually come to unite all of Vietnam. Their rule consolidated earlier southward expansion into Champa and pushed southwest into Cambodia.[5]