National Astronomical Observatories of China

The National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC, Chinese: 中国科学院国家天文台; pinyin: Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn Guójiā Tiānwéntái) is an astronomical research institute operated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Purple Mountain Observatory and National Time Service Center.

National Astronomical Observatories, CAS

中国科学院国家天文台 Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn Guójiā Tiānwéntái
Institute overview
Formed	2001; 24 years ago (2001)
Headquarters	20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100101
Institute executives	Chang Jin, President Liu Jifeng, Wang Hongyan, Zhao Gongbo, Vice President
Parent institute	Chinese Academy of Sciences
Website	english.nao.cas.cn

History and introduction

Founded on April 25, 2001, NAOC was formed through the merging of four Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) observatories, three CAS observing stations and one CAS research centre.^[1]

The Headquarters of the NAOC are situated in the northern Chaoyang District of Beijing on the site of the former Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO), and take responsibility for all matters relating to the former BAO.

Currently, NAOC has 7 astronomical research departments listed follows:

• Optical Astronomy Research Department (光学天文研究部)
• Radio Astronomy Research Department (射电天文研究部)
• Galactic Astronomy & Cosmology Research Department (星系宇宙学研究部)
• Moon & Deep Space Detection Research Department (月球与深空探测研究部)
• Space Science Research Department (空间科学研究部)
• Solar Astrophysics Research Department (太阳物理研究部)
• Applied Astronomy Research Department (应用天文研究部)

Besides apparatus like 2.16m optical telescope and 50m radio telescope, NAOC also operates the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope (LAMOST) and one of the largest radio observatory, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The future China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will also be operated by NAOC.^[1]

Editorial departments of Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA) and China National Astronomy (中国国家天文) are located in NAOC.^[2]

Subordinate units

Direct subordinate units

NAOC currently have 4 direct subordinate units, with 2 astronomical observatory, 1 artificial satellite observing station and 1 astronomical instrument developing institute.^[3]

• Yunnan Observatories, CAS, Yunnan Province
• Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
• Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Jilin Province
• Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technologies, CAS, Jiangsu Province

Observing stations

^[2]

• Xinglong Observing Station, NAOC
• Huairou Solar Observing Station, NAOC
• Miyun Observing Station, NAOC
• Ming'antu Observing Station, NAOC
• Wulasitai Observing Station, NAOC
• South America Observing Station, NAOC

Research highlights

Fast radio bursts (FRBs)

In 2019, FAST observation to fast radio burst (FRB) event FRB180301 reveals that the origin of FRBs should be inside the magnetosphere of designated object.^[4] In 2020, another FRB event FRB200428, which was later confirmed to be originated from magnetar SGR J1935+2154,^[5][6] was observed in detail by FAST team. Research suggests that a low correlation between FRBs and magnetar X-ray burst.^[7]

Dark matter halo

In 2020, NAOC and its collaborators performed a numerical simulation to dark matter halo between galaxies. This GADGET-4 simulation, with a dynamic range over 30 magnitudes, plotted a clear structure of dark matter haloes with mass ranging from earth-size to cosmological scale.^[8] The simulation provides a detailed universe structure under L-CDM model.

International collaborations

NAOC took part in a wide range of International collaborations, include Square Kilometre Array (SKA), Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), Herschel Space Observatory, and Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS), etc.^[9] Meanwhile, several NAOC developing projects are also international collaborated, including FAST.

NAOC also started cooperation with futuristic projects like Einstein Probe (EP), CSST, etc.^[9]

See also

• List of astronomical observatories
• Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (中国科学院上海天文台)
• Purple Mountain Observatory (中国科学院紫金山天文台)
• National Time Service Center (中国科学院国家授时中心), former Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory
• Tianlai experiment

References

1. "单位简介----国家天文台". www.nao.cas.cn. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
2. "机构设置----国家天文台". www.nao.cas.cn. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
3. "直属单位----国家天文台". www.nao.cas.cn. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
4. Luo, R.; Wang, B. J.; Men, Y. P.; Zhang, C. F.; Jiang, J. C.; Xu, H.; Wang, W. Y.; Lee, K. J.; Han, J. L.; Zhang, B.; Caballero, R. N. (October 2020). "Diverse polarization angle swings from a repeating fast radio burst source". Nature. 586 (7831): 693–696. arXiv:2011.00171. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..693L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2827-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33116290. S2CID 226045289.
5. Bochenek, C. D.; Ravi, V.; Belov, K. V.; Hallinan, G.; Kocz, J.; Kulkarni, S. R.; McKenna, D. L. (November 2020). "A fast radio burst associated with a Galactic magnetar". Nature. 587 (7832): 59–62. arXiv:2005.10828. Bibcode:2020Natur.587...59B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2872-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33149288. S2CID 218763265.
6. Li, C. K.; Lin, L.; Xiong, S. L.; Ge, M. Y.; Li, X. B.; Li, T. P.; Lu, F. J.; Zhang, S. N.; Tuo, Y. L.; Nang, Y.; Zhang, B. (April 2021). "HXMT Identification of a non-thermal X-ray burst from SGR J1935+2154 and with FRB 200428". Nature Astronomy. 5 (4): 378–384. arXiv:2005.11071. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..378L. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01302-6. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 234355300.
7. Lin, L.; Zhang, C. F.; Wang, P.; Gao, H.; Guan, X.; Han, J. L.; Jiang, J. C.; Jiang, P.; Lee, K. J.; Li, D.; Men, Y. P. (November 2020). "No pulsed radio emission during a bursting phase of a Galactic magnetar". Nature. 587 (7832): 63–65. arXiv:2005.11479. Bibcode:2020Natur.587...63L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2839-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33149293. S2CID 226260309.
8. Wang, J.; Bose, S.; Frenk, C. S.; Gao, L.; Jenkins, A.; Springel, V.; White, S. D. M. (September 2020). "Universal structure of dark matter haloes over a mass range of 20 orders of magnitude". Nature. 585 (7823): 39–42. arXiv:1911.09720. Bibcode:2020Natur.585...39W. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2642-9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32879500. S2CID 221476299.
9. "合作项目----国家天文台". www.nao.cas.cn. Retrieved 2021-10-22.

External links

• National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences