Moshe Shaul

Moshe Shaul (Hebrew: משה שאול; 24 May 1929 – 1 April 2023), also known as Mosheh Sha'ul, was a Turkish-born Israeli journalist, writer and researcher of the culture of Sephardi Jews whose work on preserving the Ladino language was key to its revival.

Moshe Shaul
Born	Mosheh Sha'ul (1929-05-24)24 May 1929 İzmir, Turkey
Died	1 April 2023(2023-04-01) (aged 93)[1] Jerusalem
Nationality	Sephardi Jews
Citizenship	Israeli
Alma mater	Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Occupation	Journalist
Known for	Work on restoring Ladino
Awards	Order of Civil Merit

Biography

Shaul was born in İzmir, Turkey on 24 May 1929.^[2][3] He grew up in the neighborhood around the Bet Israel Synagogue and became a member of Neemanei Tsion, a local Jewish youth organization.^[4]

In 1949, Shaul made aliyah to Israel. He settled in Kibbutz Tzuba, where his older brother Bohor was already living.^[5] During his first year of in Hebrew University, in 1954, he began working under the radio broadcaster Kol Yisrael as a Ladino presenter. He visited the homes of elderly Ladino speakers at the wish of the radio, in order to record music that was at risk of going 'extinct', ultimately saving over 400 songs.^[4] He would graduate in 1959, attaining degrees in Sociology and Political Science. That same year he would join the Ladino broadcast of La Bos de Israel, a subsidiary Kol Yisrael of based in Jerusalem, and in 1977 he would take charge of it after the death of its director, Yitzhak Levy.^[6][7][8]

Shaul served as editor for Aki Yerushalayim during their first issue which was released on 4 April 1979 and continued this role for their 37 years of operation. While working there he actively worked towards standardizing the written language by creating a phonetic writing system which eventually became adopted around the world by Ladino writers.^[8][9][10] The orthography of his system was questioned due to the absence of written accents and a structure more similar to Turkish than Romance languages.^[11][12]

During this period Shaul also taught at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (1980-1985) and served in the vice-presidency of the Ladino National Authority (NALC) in Israel from 1997 to 2015, where he trained new teachers for Judeo-Spanish and expanded the prevalence of the language.^{[3][9][10][13]} His work during this period is considered responsible for much of the diffusion of the Ladino language and culture in present-day Israel.^[14] He also worked and boarded several other organizations, such as Amutat Sefarad, to promote and preserve Judeo-Spanish.^[15] Shaul stated that the internet provides an opportunity to connect Judeo-Spanish speakers globally and create a living community to help promote the language.^[10]

Shaul's orthography was made more popular through his founding of the Maale Adumim Institute, an offshoot of Amutat Sefarad and the Autoridad Nasionala del Ladino both of which he helped originally found in 1997, with Avner Perez and a beginner text book for Ladino he published in 1999.^[16]

In 2016 Shaul was appointed a permanent member of the Royal Spanish Academy for Israel.^[13] Later in 2018 he was honored with Spain's Order of Civil Merit. He also received a 'Life Award' from Autoridad Nasionala del Ladino for his contributions to the Ladino language.^[6]

Shaul died on 1 April 2023 in Jerusalem and was buried in the cemetery in Shoresh.^[17][1]

Published works

• Ladino (Spanyolit): Sefer limmud le-matḥilim (1999). Ed: Avner Perez.^[16]
• Shaʼul, Mosheh; Quintana Rodriguez, Aldina; Ovadia, Zelda (1995). El gizado sefaradi : rechetas de komidas sefaradis de la revista kulturala djudeo-espanyola Aki Yerushalayim (in Spanish). Zaragoza: Libros Certeza. ISBN 84-96219-17-8. OCLC 61391318.
• Ladino – Manual de estudio para principiantes (1990).^[3]

References

1. "Moshe Shaul z'l". eSefarad (in Spanish). March 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
2. Shaul, Moshe (1929 -....) (in French). BNF catalogue general.
3. "Moshe Shaul écoute l'interview qu'il a réalisé en ladino". www.bibliotheque-numerique-aiu.org (in French). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
4. "Moshe SHAUL". www.turkisrael.org.il. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
5. Santacruz, Daniel (17 June 2023). "Remembering Moshe Shaul: The man who helped revive Ladino". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
6. SHAUL, Moshe (1 May 2021). "Moshe SHAUL". turkisrael (in Turkish). Retrieved 5 December 2021.
7. Lewental, D. Gershon (1 October 2010), "Shaul, Moshe", Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, Brill, retrieved 5 December 2021
8. Santacruz, Daniel (January 2017). "AKI YERUYALAYIM, la decana de las publicaciones en ladino, cierra después de 37 años". eSefarad (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 December 2021.
9. Pomeroy, Hilary S.; Alpert, Michael (2004). Proceedings of the Twelfth British Conference on Judeo-SpanishStudies, 24-26 June, 2001: Sephardic Language, Literature and History. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-13956-5.
10. Bortnick, Rachel Amado (1 January 2004). The Internet and Judeo-Spanish: Impact and Implications of a Virtual Community. Brill. ISBN 978-90-474-1428-5.
11. Norich, Anita; Miller, Joshua L. (6 April 2016). Languages of Modern Jewish Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-05301-8.
12. Congress, European Association for Jewish Studies (1999). Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Proceedings of the 6th EAJS Congress, Toledo, July 1998 (in Spanish). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11558-3.
13. "Moshe Shaul". Real Academia Española (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 December 2021.
14. Benaim, Annette (6 October 2011). Sixteenth-Century Judeo-Spanish Testimonies: An Edition of Eighty-four Testimonies from the Sephardic Responsa in the Ottoman Empire. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-21018-9.
15. Goodman, Martin; Cohen, Jeremy; Sorkin, David (2002). The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-928032-2.
16. Bunis, David M. (12 May 2023). "In Memoriam: Moshe Shaul z"l". Journal of Jewish Languages. 11 (1): 5–9. doi:10.1163/22134638-bja10031. ISSN 2213-4638.
17. "Falleció Moshé Shaul Z.L un precursor del Ladino". Retrieved 4 April 2023.