Moldovan leu

The leu (Romanian pronunciation: [lew], plural lei [lej]; sign: L; ISO 4217 code: MDL) is the currency of Moldova. Like the Romanian leu, the Moldovan leu is subdivided into 100 bani (sg. ban). The name of the currency originates from a Romanian word which means "lion".

Moldovan leu

leu moldovenesc (Romanian)
100 Lei note obverse 1 Leu note obverse
ISO 4217
Code	MDL (numeric: 498)
Subunit	0.01
Unit
Plural	lei
Symbol	L‎
Denominations
Subunit
1⁄100	ban
Plural
ban	bani
Banknotes
Freq. used	20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 lei
Rarely used	1, 5, 10 lei
Coins
Freq. used	5, 10, 25, 50 bani, 1 leu, 2, 5, 10 lei
Rarely used	1 ban (discontinued 2017)
Demographics
Date of introduction	29 November 1993
User(s)	Moldova (except  Transnistria)
Issuance
Central bank	National Bank of Moldova
Website	www.bnm.md
Valuation
Inflation	4%
Source	National Bank of Moldova, April 2024

Etymology

The name of the currency means "lion", and is derived from the Dutch thaler (leeuwendaalder "lion thaler/dollar").^[1][2][3] The Dutch leeuwendaalder was imitated in several German and Italian cities. These coins circulated in Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria and gave their name to their respective currencies: the Moldovan leu, the Romanian leu and the Bulgarian lev.^[4]

Dutch Thaler, depicting a lion, the origin of the Moldovan "Leu"

History

Between 1918 and 1940 and again between 1941 and 1944, when Moldova was part of Romania, the Romanian leu was used in what was then the eastern part of the broader Romanian region of Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian). The Moldovan leu was established on 29 November 1993, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the creation of the independent Republic of Moldova. It replaced the temporary cupon currency at a rate of 1 leu = 1000 cupon.

In Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway state which is internationally recognized as part of Moldova, the Transnistrian ruble is used instead. The currency is not honoured by Moldova or any other state.

Coins

A first series of mostly small aluminum coins entered circulation in November 1993. A second series consisting of larger denomination coins was issued in 2018. Most Moldovan coins are minted at the Monetăria Statului in Romania.

First series (1993–present)

In November 1993, the National Bank of Moldova (NBM) issued its first coins of 1, 5, 25 and 50 bani and 1 and 5 lei.^[5]

The 1 and 5 lei coins were withdrawn from circulation in 1994.^[6] Due to their low quality and relatively high nominal value many forgeries appeared.

In April 1996, a 10 bani coin was introduced.^[7]

In 1997, the NBM announced that it would replace the existing aluminum 50 bani coin with a new one made from brass-plated steel with a new and improved design featuring anti-counterfeit elements such as reeding. A first for modern Moldovan coins.

The new 50 bani coins were put into circulation on 2 February 1998. At the same time the NBM began withdrawing old aluminum 50 bani coins.^[8] They were demonitized on 1 January 1999.

1 ban coins remain legal tender but are rarely used or seen in circulation, effectively leading to "Swedish rounding".^[9]

Coins of the first series (1993–present)[10]
Image	Value	Technical parameters			Description			Date of
		Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	minting	issue	withdrawal	lapse
	1 ban	14.5 mm	0.67 g	Aluminum	Plain	Denomination, year of minting	Coat of arms, country name	1993~2017	29 November 1993	Current, but not issued for general circulation
	5 bani	16 mm	0.75 g					1993~2018		Current
	10 bani	16.6 mm	0.85 g					1995~2018
	25 bani	17.5 mm	0.95g					1993~2020
	50 bani	19 mm	1.07 g					1993		1 January 1999
	50 bani	19 mm	3.1 g	Brass-plated steel	Reeded	Grapevine with grapes and leaves, denomination, year of minting		1997~2018	2 February 1998[11]	Current
	1 leu	20,1 mm	3,3 g	Nickel clad steel	Plain	Denomination, year of minting		1992	29 November 1993	1994
	5 lei	22,0 mm	3,6 g					1993
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Second series (2018–present)

In 2017, the NBM announced plans to reintroduce 1 and 5 lei coins alongside new 2 and 10 lei coins citing "superior durability and cheaper manufacturing and maintenance cost over time compared to banknotes" as the main reason and asking people to submit their designs for the new coins.^[12] The design of the new coins was unveiled on February 28, 2018, featuring elements of both the coat of arms of the Principality of Moldavia on the obverse and the coat of arms of the Republic of Moldova on the reverse, with 1 and 2 lei coins being made from nickel-plated steel and 5 and 10 lei coins featuring a bi-metallic design with elements made from nickel-plated steel and brass-plated steel.^[13] The new coins were put into circulation starting 28 February 2018.^[14] All of the new lei coins are currently intended to be used alongside banknotes of equal value.

Coins of the second series (2018–present)[15]
Image	Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of
		Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First minting	First issue
	1 leu	21.5 mm	1.8 mm	4.45 g	Nickel-plated steel	Segmented (Plain and reeded sections (3 groups))	Female-faced crescent, part of an aurochs' head, coat of arms, state title	Denomination, year of minting, the letters "R" and "M" in latent image, and part of the coat of arms on the background	2018	April 2018
	2 lei	23.7 mm	2.2 mm	6.7 g		Reeded	Male-faced Sun, part of an aurochs' head, coat of arms, state title
	5 lei	24.4 mm	2.25 mm	7.1 g	Center plug: Nickel-plated steel Outer ring: Brass-plated steel	Segmented (Plain and reeded sections (5 groups))	The horns of an aurochs' (part of its head), surmounted by an open crown, an eight pointed star between the horns, a heraldic rose, coat of arms, state title			early 2019
	10 lei	25.3 mm	2.3 mm	7.65 g	Center plug: Brass-plated steel Outer ring: Nickel-plated steel	Reeded with inscription: Reeded, "MOLDOVA*MOLDOVA*"	Personal coat of arms of Stephen the Great, part of an aurochs' head, coat of arms, state title

Commemorative coins

Since 1996, several commemorative coins for collectors have been issued. A complete listing can be found here.

Banknotes

There have been two series of Moldovan leu banknotes. The first series was short-lived and only included 1, 5, and 10 lei. The front of all of these notes—and all subsequent notes—feature a portrait of Ștefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great, also known as Stephen III of Moldavia), the prince of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504.

The first two lines of the Miorița (The Little Ewe) ballad appear on the back, printed vertically between the denomination numeral and the vignette of the fortress. These lines, “Pe-un picior de plai, pe-o gură de rai”, translate as “near a low foothill at Heaven’s threshold”.

Second Series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	first printing	issue
		1 leu	114 × 58 mm	Yellow	Stephen III	Căpriana monastery	As portrait	1994	May 1994
		5 lei		Cyan		St. Dumitru Church, Orhei			April 1994
		10 lei	121 × 61 mm	Red		Hîrjauca monastery			May 1994
		20 lei		Green		Soroca Fort		1992	November 1993
		50 lei		Pink		Hîrbovăț monastery			May 1994
		100 lei		Orange		Tighina Fortress			September 1995
		200 lei	133 × 66 mm	Purple		Chișinău City Hall
		500 lei		Orange and green		Chișinău Cathedral			December 1999
		1000 lei		Blue		Presidential Palace			October 2003
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

• On the front side of each banknote only one man is represented - the best-known ruler of Moldavia - Ștefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great).
• The first two lines of the Miorița ballad are written in the white circle on the front side of each banknote.
• On the back side of all the banknotes there are depicted Trajan's Column and The Endless Column.

Moldovan leu banknotes were notable for not using intaglio printing until 2015: the main security features on all denominations were limited, initially consisting mainly of a watermark of Ștefan, a solid security thread, and a see-through registration device.^[16] In 2015, the National Bank of Moldova finally rolled out intaglio printing and embossing for denominations between 10 and 500 lei, and also introduced revised security features on all denominations except for 1,000 lei.^[17] The banknote for 1,000 lei, valued at €51.60 by currency exchange service XE.com on 31 December 2019,^[18] continues to use the original design.

Exchange rates

Current MDL exchange rates
From Google Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RON RUB UAH
From Yahoo! Finance:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RON RUB UAH
From XE.com:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RON RUB UAH
From OANDA:	AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RON RUB UAH

See also

• Economy of Moldova
• Romanian leu
• Bulgarian lev

References

1. Euro Exhibition - Opening Speech by Mugur Isărescu, NBR Governor^{[permanent dead link‍]}, BNR.ro
2. Numismatic issue - a set of three collector coins dedicated to 140 years since the establishment of military communications Archived 2021-11-29 at the Wayback Machine, BNR.ro
3. Romanian New Leu, oanda.com
4. "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
5. "cu privire la introducerea monedei naţionale în Republica Moldova" (in Romanian). PREŞEDINTELE REPUBLICII MOLDOVA. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
6. "O pătrime de veac a leului moldovenesc" (in Romanian). joblist.md. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
7. "Moneda cu valoarea nominală de 10 bani" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
8. "cu privire la punerea în circulaţie a monedei metalice cu valoarea nominală de 50 bani modelul anului 1997" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
9. "Moneda metalică cu valoarea nominală de 1 ban este mijloc legal de plată?" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Archived from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
10. National Bank of Moldova. Coins. Available at: http://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede
11. "cu privire la punerea în circulaţie a monedei metalice cu valoarea nominală de 50 bani modelul anului 1997" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
12. "BNM invită cetățenii să prezinte concepte pentru designul monedelor de 1 leu și 2 lei" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
13. "Eveniment de lansare a unei serii noi de monede metalice" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
14. "Din 28 februarie 2018, BNM pune în circulație noi monede metalice: de 1, 2, 5 și 10 lei" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
15. "Monede în circulație" (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
16. "1000 lei face value banknote". National Bank of Moldova. Chisinau. 18 October 2003. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
17. "Security features of upgraded banknotes". National Bank of Moldova. Chisinau. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
18. "XE Currency Table: Euro". XE. Newmarket: XE.com Inc. 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.

External links

• Coins of Moldova at CISCoins.net
• Catalog of Banknotes of Moldova
• The banknotes of Moldova (in English and German)