The Mishash Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) geologic formation in Israel. The formation is correlated with the Duwi Formation of Egypt and the Amman and Ruseifa Formations of Jordan.[1] Mosasaur fossils assigned to Prognathodon currii and pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation.
Mishash Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: Campanian-Maastrichtian ~ | |
![]() Outcrop of the Mishash Formation (dark upper part) overlying the Menuha Formation (light lower part) near Arad, Israel | |
Type | Geological formation |
Sub-units |
|
Underlies | Ghareb Formation |
Overlies | Menuha Formation |
Lithology | |
Primary | Limestone |
Other | Phosphorite |
Location | |
Coordinates | 30.2°N 35.0°E |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 13.1°N 30.2°E |
Country | ![]() |
The lower boundary of the Mishash Formation lies atop the top of the underlying Menuha Formation, while the upper boundary is covered by the overlying Ghareb Formation.[2][3] The Mishash Formation is divided into two members known as the Chert Member and Phosphate Member, with the latter overlying the former.[4] Massive chert beds comprise the Chert Member, while the Phosphate Member is made up of cherts, phosphorites, porcellanites and organic-rich carbonates.[2] The Phosphate Member is further divided into three units; the Phosphatic Carbonate Unit lies at the bottom of the member, followed by the Porcelanite Unit in the middle, and finally the Phosphorite Unit at the top.[3]
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Reptiles
Reptiles reported from the Mishash Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
Arambourgiania[3] | A. sp. | Nahal Qazra & Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Endocranium & bone casts | An azhdarchid pterosaur, originally reported as Titanopteryx. | ![]() |
Liodon[5] | L. asiaticum | Near Jerusalem | Numerous bones | A dubious mosasaur, remains now assigned to Mosasaurinae indet. & Mosasaurini incertae sedis | ||
Mosasaurinae indet.[5] | Indeterminate | Northeastern Jerusalem | Caudal vertebrae | Mosasaur remains originally assigned to Liodon asiaticum | ||
Mosasaurini[5] | Incertae sedis | Northeastern Jerusalem | 30 bones | A mosasaur related to Mosasaurus and Plotosaurus, remains originally assigned to Liodon asiaticum | ||
Prognathodon[6] | P. currii | Oron | Phosphate Member | Skull & 8 vertebrae | A large mosasaur | ![]() |
Reptilia indet.[3] | Indeterminate | Nahal Qazra | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Endocranium | Remains of an indeterminate reptile. | |
Titanopteryx[3] | T. sp. | Nahal Qazra & Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Endocranium & bone casts | Junior synonym of Arambourgiania. | |
Bony fish
Bony fish reported from the Mishash Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
Enchodus[3] | E. faujasi | Nahal Qazra & Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Endocranial casts | An aulopiform. | ![]() |
E. sp. | Nahal Qazra, Nahal Zin, Nahal Ashosh & Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite, Porcelanite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Endocranial casts & bones | An aulopiform. | ![]() | |
Micropycnodon[3] | M. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | 3 endocranial casts | A pycnodont. | ![]() |
Polymixiidae[3] | Indeterminate | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | 3 complete & a fragmentary endocranial cast | A beardfish. | ![]() |
Prionolepis[3] | P. sp. | Nahal Ashosh | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Endocranial cast | An aulopiform. | |
Stratodus[3] | S. sp. | Nahal Qazra, Nahal Zin, Nahal Ashosh & Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Endocranial casts & bones | An aulopiform. | ![]() |
Cartilaginous fish
Cartilaginous fish reported from the Mishash Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
Anomotodon[7] | A. plicatus | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A goblin shark | |
A. sp. | Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A goblin shark | ||
Centroscymnus[7] | cf. C. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A sleeper shark | ![]() |
Centrosqualus[7] | C. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A dogfish shark | |
Chiloscyllium[7] | C. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A carpet shark | ![]() |
Cretalamna[7] | C. appendiculata | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A megatooth shark | ![]() |
C. caraibaea | Oron & Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | Species reassigned to Serratolamna | ||
C. maroccana | Oron & Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A megatooth shark | ||
C. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A megatooth shark | ![]() | |
Cretascymnus[7] | C. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A sleeper shark | |
Cretodus[7] | C. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A pseudoscapanorhynchid shark, small-sized member of the genus | ![]() |
Echinorhinidae indet.[7] | Indeterminate | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | An echinorhinid shark | |
Ganopristis[7] | G. leptodon | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | Genus now deemed a junior synonym of Sclerorhynchus | |
G. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | |||
Heterodontus[7] | H. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A bullhead shark | ![]() |
Hexanchus[7] | H. microdon | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Numerous teeth | A cow shark | |
Paraorthacodus[7] | P. aff. nerviensis | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Tooth | A paraorthacodontid shark | ![]() |
Pristiophorus[7] | P. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A sawshark | ![]() |
Pseudocorax[7] | P. aff. affinis | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Many teeth | A pseudocoracid shark | ![]() |
Pteroscyllium[7] | P. sp. 1 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A catshark | |
P. sp. 2 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A catshark | ||
Rhinobatoidei n. gen.[7] | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A guitarfish | ||
Rhinobatos[7] | R. sp. 1 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A guitarfish | |
R. sp. 2 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A guitarfish | ||
R. sp. 3 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A guitarfish | ||
Rhombodus[7] | R. binkhorsti | Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A myliobatiform ray | ![]() |
Scapanorhynchus[7] | S. cf. raphiodon | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A goblin shark | ![]() |
Sclerorhynchus[7] | S. leptodon | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Teeth | A sawskate originally reported as Ganopristis leptodon | |
S. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphatic Carbonate Unit) | Teeth | A sawskate, some material originally reported as Ganopristis sp., also found in the Menuha Formation | ||
Scyliorhinus[7] | S. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Teeth | A catshark | ![]() |
Serratolamna[7] | S. caraibaea | Oron & Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A serratolamnid shark | |
Squalicorax[7] | S. bassanii | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | An anacoracid shark | |
S. pristodontus | Oron & Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Teeth | An anacoracid shark | ![]() | |
S. sp. | Oron & Nahal Zinim | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite & Phosphatic Carbonate units) | Teeth | An anacoracid shark | ![]() | |
Squalus[7] | S. sp. | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A dogfish shark | ![]() |
Squatina[7] | S. hassei | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | An angelshark | |
Triakidae[7] | Triakid 1 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A houndshark | |
Triakid 2 | Oron | Phosphate Member (Phosphorite Unit) | Teeth | A houndshark | ||
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