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MicroDNA
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MicroDNA is the most abundant subtype of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA) in humans, typically ranging from 200-400 base pairs in length and enriched in non-repetitive genomic sequences with a high density of exons.[2][3][4] Additionally, microDNA has been found to come from regions with CpG-islands which are commonly found within the 5' and 3' UTRs.[3][4][5] Being produced from regions of active transcription, it is hypothesized that microDNA may be formed as a by-product of transcriptional DNA damage repair.[5] MicroDNA is also thought to arise from other DNA repair pathways, mainly due to the parental sequences of microDNA having 2- to 15 bp direct repeats at the ends, resulting in replication slippage repair.[3] While only recently discovered, the role microDNA plays in and out of the cell is still not completely understood.[5] However, microDNA is currently thought to affect cellular homeostasis through transcription factor binding and have been used as a cancer biomarker.[5][6][7]
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