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Mary-Claire King
American geneticist / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mary-Claire King (born February 27, 1946)[1] is an American geneticist. She was the first to show that breast cancer can be inherited due to mutations in the gene she called BRCA1. She studies human genetics and is particularly interested in genetic heterogeneity and complex traits.[2] She studies the interaction of genetics and environmental influences and their effects on human conditions such as breast and ovarian cancer, inherited deafness, schizophrenia,[3] HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.[4] She has been the American Cancer Society Professor of the Department of Genome Sciences and of Medical Genetics in the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington since 1995.[5]
Mary-Claire King | |
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![]() Mary-Claire King in 2016 | |
Born | (1946-02-27) February 27, 1946 (age 78) |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | Carleton College University of California, Berkeley University of California, San Francisco |
Known for | Breast cancer gene discovery Forensic genetics for human rights |
Awards | Gruber Prize in Genetics (2004) Heineken Prize (2006) Weizmann Award (2006) Pearl Meister Greengard Prize (2010) Lasker Award (2014) National Medal of Science (2014, awarded 2016) Shaw Prize in Medicine (2018) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Human genetics |
Institutions | University of Washington, University of California, Berkeley |
Thesis | Protein polymorphisms in chimpanzee and human evolution (1973) |
Doctoral advisor | Allan Wilson |
Website | UW Genome Sciences page |
External videos | |
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Besides known for her accomplishment in identifying breast cancer genes, King is also known for demonstrating that humans and chimpanzees are 99% genetically identical and for applying genomic sequencing to identify victims of human rights abuses. In 1984, in Argentina, she began working in identifying children who had been stolen from their families and adopted illegally under the military dictatorship during the Dirty War (1976–1983). She has received many awards, including the Lasker Award and the National Medal of Science. In 2002, Discover magazine recognized King as one of the 50 most important women in science.[6]