Malic acid
Dicarboxylic acid responsible for apple acidity / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with maleic acid or malonic acid.
"Malate" redirects here. For the district in Manila, see Malate, Manila.
Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is a metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
DL-Malic acid | |
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid | |
Other names
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI |
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ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.027.293 |
EC Number |
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E number | E296 (preservatives) |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
C4H6O5 | |
Molar mass | 134.09 g/mol |
Appearance | Colorless |
Density | 1.609 g⋅cm−3 |
Melting point | 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K) |
558 g/L (at 20 °C)[1] | |
Acidity (pKa) | pKa1 = 3.40 pKa2 = 5.20[2] pKa3 = 14.5[3] |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Flash point | 203 °C[4] |
Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Malate |
Related carboxylic acids |
Succinic acid Tartaric acid Fumaric acid |
Related compounds |
Butanol Butyraldehyde Crotonaldehyde Sodium malate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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