Mahmud Kâmil Pasha

Mahmud Kâmil Pasha (1880 – 28 November 1922) was a general of the Ottoman Army. He was born in Heleb (Aleppo) and died in Istanbul.

Mahmud Kâmil Pasha 1315 (1899) P.-8[1]
Mahmud Kâmil Pasha
Born	1880 (1880) Heleb (Aleppo), Ottoman Empire
Died	June 1922 (aged 41–42) Constantinople (Istanbul), Ottoman Empire
Allegiance	Ottoman Empire
Years of service	Ottoman: 1901 – June 1922
Rank	Mirliva
Commands	Second Army, Third Army, Fifth Army
Battles/wars	Balkan Wars First World War

Career

Mahmud Kamil was born in Halab to a notable Arab family. On 22 December 1914, Kâmil was appointed as the commander of the Second Army. On 17 February 1915, he was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Army in the eastern Anatolia, later assigned to 5th Army. During this time, he participated in the Armenian genocide. He issued directives ordering the deportation of all of the remaining Armenians in the city of Erzurum. He issued special orders not to spare the old, sick, or pregnant women.^[2][3]

Kâmil commanded the 3rd Army until the fall of the key fortress of Erzurum in February 1916, after which he was relieved of command.^[4] After the armistice of Mudros the allied administration established with the occupation of Constantinople arrested him and become one of the Malta exiles. He was later released. In June 1922, he resigned due to an illness. He killed himself later that year.^[5]

References

1. Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı, Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yılı, İstanbul, 1968, p. 27. (in Turkish)
2. Keith Neilson, 1983, Coalition Warfare, Published by Wilfrid Laurier University Press, page 49 ISBN 978-0-88920-165-1; W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828–1921, 311. ISBN 0-89839-296-9
3. Lewy, Guenter. "The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey" (PDF). p. 140.
4. W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828–1921, 375. ISBN 0-89839-296-9
5. AAE. "The Executions of Some of the Arch-perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide by the Ittihadists and Kemalists, 1915-1926". Retrieved 24 August 2023.